Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ, Groningen, Netherlands.
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Jan;46(1):41-56. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0316-3.
A substantive body of literature suggests that those involved in bullying as perpetrators but particularly victims are at greater risk for psychological maladjustment. In comparison, relatively little is known about associations between bullying-victimization and perpetration and mastery of early adult tasks in domains including romantic relationships, education, work, financial competence, and conduct. These links were tested using data from two Dutch cohorts (RADAR-young, n = 497, 43% girls; TRAILS, n = 2230, 51% girls) who reported on victimization and perpetration at age 11 (TRAILS) and 13 (RADAR-young) and mastery of developmental tasks in early adulthood. Unadjusted regression analyses suggested for both cohorts that perpetrators were less likely to abide the law and more likely to smoke. Victims in TRAILS were less competent in the domains of education, work, and finances, and more likely to smoke in RADAR-young. Adjusting for childhood demographics and child intelligence and including psychopathology in the prediction models substantially reduced the strength of associations between bullying involvement and later outcomes in both cohorts; although association were retained between victimization and welfare dependence and perpetration and crime involvement in TRAILS. Parental support did not buffer associations in either sample and neither were gender differences detected. Overall, findings underline that negative outcomes of bullying are not only a concern for victims but also for their perpetrators although involvement in bullying is not a stable predictor of mastery of developmental tasks when childhood demographics, child intelligence, and psychopathology are taken into account.
大量文献表明，欺凌行为的实施者尤其是受害者更有可能出现心理适应不良。相比之下，人们对欺凌行为的受害者和实施者与包括恋爱关系、教育、工作、财务能力和行为等领域的成年早期任务掌握之间的关联知之甚少。这些联系使用来自两个荷兰队列（RADAR-young，n=497，43%女孩；TRAILS，n=2230，51%女孩）的数据进行了测试，这些队列在 11 岁（TRAILS）和 13 岁（RADAR-young）时报告了受害和实施情况，并在成年早期报告了发展任务的掌握情况。未经调整的回归分析表明，两个队列的实施者都不太可能遵守法律，更有可能吸烟。TRAILS 中的受害者在教育、工作和财务领域的能力较差，而 RADAR-young 中的受害者更有可能吸烟。在预测模型中调整儿童人口统计学和儿童智力并包括精神病理学后，大大降低了两个队列中欺凌行为参与与后期结果之间的关联强度；尽管在 TRAILS 中，受害与福利依赖以及实施与犯罪参与之间仍然存在关联。在两个样本中，父母支持都没有缓冲关联，也没有发现性别差异。总体而言，研究结果强调，欺凌行为的负面后果不仅是受害者的问题，也是他们的实施者的问题，尽管当考虑儿童人口统计学、儿童智力和精神病理学时，欺凌行为的参与并不是成年早期任务掌握的稳定预测因素。
