Stark L, Asghar K, Meyer S, Yu G, Bakemore T, Poulton C, Falb K
Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Ave B-4 Suite 432, New York, NY, USA.
New York University College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2017 Jan 9;4:e1. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2016.31. eCollection 2017.
Girls at early stages of adolescence are vulnerable to violence victimization in humanitarian contexts, but few studies examine factors that affect girls' hope in these settings. We assessed attitudes toward traditional gender norms as an effect modifier of the relationship between violence exposure and future orientation in displaced girls.
Secondary analysis, using multivariable regression of cross-sectional data from girls ages 10-14 in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Key variables of interest were attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV), Children's Hope Scale (CHS) score, and exposure to physical, emotional, and sexual violence within the last 12 months. Additional covariates included age, educational status, and territory.
The interaction of exposure to violence and attitudes toward IPV magnified the association between violence exposure and lower CHS score for physical violence ( = -0.09, = 0.040) and unwanted sexual touching ( = -0.20, = 0.003) among girls age 10-14, when adjusting for other covariates. The interaction of exposure to violence and attitudes toward IPV magnified the association between violence exposure and lower CHS score for forced sex ( = -0.22, = 0.016) among girls age 13-14, when adjusting for covariates. Findings for emotional violence, any form of sexual violence, and coerced sex trended toward lower CHS scores for girls who reported higher acceptance of IPV, but did not reach significance.
Findings support the utility of gender norms-transformative programming in increasing resilience of girls who have experienced sexual violence in humanitarian contexts.
处于青春期早期的女孩在人道主义环境中易遭受暴力侵害，但很少有研究探讨影响这些环境中女孩希望感的因素。我们评估了对传统性别规范的态度，作为流离失所女孩暴力暴露与未来取向之间关系的效应修饰因素。
采用多变量回归对刚果民主共和国南基伍省10 - 14岁女孩的横断面数据进行二次分析。感兴趣的关键变量包括对亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的态度、儿童希望量表（CHS）得分，以及过去12个月内遭受身体、情感和性暴力的情况。其他协变量包括年龄、教育状况和地区。
在调整其他协变量后，暴力暴露与对IPV态度的相互作用放大了10 - 14岁女孩身体暴力（β = -0.09，P = 0.040）和非意愿性性接触（β = -0.20，P = 0.003）暴露与较低CHS得分之间的关联。在调整协变量后，暴力暴露与对IPV态度的相互作用放大了13 - 14岁女孩强迫性行为暴露（β = -0.22，P = 0.016）与较低CHS得分之间的关联。对于情感暴力、任何形式的性暴力和强迫性行为，报告对IPV接受程度较高的女孩的CHS得分有降低趋势，但未达到显著水平。
研究结果支持性别规范变革性方案在增强人道主义环境中遭受性暴力女孩恢复力方面的作用。
