a Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana , 43. 28036, Madrid , Spain.
b Hospital El Escorial. Ctra. M-600 , Km. 6,255. 28200, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid , Spain.
Nutr Neurosci. 2018 Nov;21(9):641-647. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2017.1331952. Epub 2017 Jun 11.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to nutrient deficiencies and 'unhealthy' diets, and to date there is only one study that examined the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and ADHD. The aim was to determine the association between those environmental, nutritional, and body composition factors that may affect the pathogenesis and symptomatology of patients with ADHD in Spain.
A total of 89 children and adolescents (41 with diagnosed ADHD and 48 controls) were studied in an observation case-control study. Anthropometry, nutritional status, adherence to a Mediterranean diet, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were measured.
Lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with ADHD diagnosis. Individuals with ADHD more often missed having a second serving of vegetables daily and showed reduced intakes of fish, pulses, and pasta or rice almost every day when compared with controls. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for fish, cereal, no breakfast and commercially baked goods consumption. There were also statistically significant differences between ADHD individuals and controls when analysing sedentary behaviours and BMI (P < 0.05).
Low adherence to a Mediterranean diet might play a role in ADHD development. Not only specific nutrients but also the whole diet should be considered in ADHD. No clear association was found for anthropometry and sedentary behaviours.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与营养缺乏和“不健康”饮食有关，迄今为止，仅有一项研究探讨了地中海饮食与 ADHD 之间的关系。本研究旨在确定可能影响西班牙 ADHD 患者发病机制和症状的环境、营养和身体成分因素之间的关联。
采用观察性病例对照研究，共纳入 89 名儿童和青少年（41 名确诊为 ADHD，48 名为对照组）。测量了人体测量学、营养状况、地中海饮食依从性、久坐行为和睡眠情况。
较低的地中海饮食依从性与 ADHD 诊断相关。与对照组相比，ADHD 患者每日更有可能错过第二份蔬菜，并且几乎每天都摄入较少的鱼、豆类、面食或米饭。与对照组相比，在鱼、谷物、不吃早餐和商业烘焙食品的消费方面，也存在统计学上的显著差异（P<0.05）。在分析久坐行为和 BMI 时，ADHD 患者与对照组之间也存在统计学上的显著差异（P<0.05）。
地中海饮食依从性低可能与 ADHD 的发生有关。在 ADHD 中不仅要考虑特定的营养素，还要考虑整个饮食。在人体测量学和久坐行为方面未发现明确的相关性。
