Williams Janet E, Price William J, Shafii Bahman, Yahvah Katherine M, Bode Lars, McGuire Mark A, McGuire Michelle K
1 Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
2 Statistical Programs, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
J Hum Lact. 2017 Aug;33(3):540-551. doi: 10.1177/0890334417709433. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Human milk provides all essential nutrients necessary for early life and is rich in nonnutrients, maternally derived (host) cells, and bacteria, but almost nothing is known about the interplay among these components. Research aim: The primary objective of this research was to characterize relationships among macronutrients, maternal cells, and bacteria in milk.
Milk samples were collected from 16 women and analyzed for protein, lipid, fatty acid, lactose, and human milk oligosaccharide concentrations. Concentrations of maternal cells were determined using microscopy, and somatic cell counts were enumerated. Microbial ecologies were characterized using culture-independent methods.
Absolute and relative concentrations of maternal cells were mostly consistent within each woman as were relative abundances of bacterial genera, and there were many apparent relationships between these factors. For instance, relative abundance of Serratia was negatively associated with somatic cell counts ( r = -.47, p < .0001) and neutrophil concentration ( r = -.38, p < .0006). Concentrations of several oligosaccharides were correlated with maternally derived cell types as well as somatic cell counts; for example, lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose were inversely correlated with somatic cell counts ( r = -.64, p = .0082; r = -.52, p = .0387, respectively), and relative abundance of Staphylococcus was positively associated with total oligosaccharide concentration ( r = .69, p = .0034). Complex relationships between milk nutrients and bacterial community profile, maternal cells, and milk oligosaccharides were also apparent.
These data support the possibility that profiles of maternally derived cells, nutrient concentrations, and the microbiome of human milk might be interrelated.
母乳提供了生命早期所需的所有必需营养素，并且富含非营养物质、母体来源（宿主）细胞和细菌，但对于这些成分之间的相互作用几乎一无所知。研究目的：本研究的主要目的是描述母乳中常量营养素、母体细胞和细菌之间的关系。
从16名女性中收集母乳样本，并分析其蛋白质、脂质、脂肪酸、乳糖和人乳寡糖浓度。使用显微镜测定母体细胞浓度，并计数体细胞。使用非培养方法对微生物生态进行表征。
每位女性体内母体细胞的绝对浓度和相对浓度大多一致，细菌属的相对丰度也是如此，并且这些因素之间存在许多明显的关系。例如，沙雷氏菌的相对丰度与体细胞计数呈负相关（r = -0.47，p < 0.0001）和中性粒细胞浓度呈负相关（r = -0.38，p < 0.0006）。几种寡糖的浓度与母体来源的细胞类型以及体细胞计数相关；例如，乳糖-N-四糖和乳糖-N-新四糖与体细胞计数呈负相关（分别为r = -0.64，p = 0.0082；r = -0.52，p = 0.0387），葡萄球菌的相对丰度与总寡糖浓度呈正相关（r = 0.69，p = 0.0034）。母乳营养素与细菌群落谱、母体细胞和母乳寡糖之间的复杂关系也很明显。
这些数据支持了母体来源的细胞、营养浓度和母乳微生物群谱可能相互关联的可能性。
