Mirás-Avalos José M, Intrigliolo Diego S
Departamento de Riego, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 May 30;8:851. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00851. eCollection 2017.
Water stress and increasing soil salt concentration represent the most common abiotic constrains that exert a negative impact on Mediterranean vineyards performance. However, several studies have proven that deficit irrigation strategies are able to improve grape composition. In contrast, irrigation with saline waters negatively affected yield and grape composition, although the magnitude of these effects depended on the cultivar, rootstock, phenological stage when water was applied, as well as on the salt concentration in the irrigation water. In this context, agronomic practices that minimize these effects on berry composition and, consequently, on wine quality must be achieved. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the main findings obtained regarding the effects of deficit irrigation strategies, as well as irrigation with saline water, on the berry composition of both red and white cultivars, as well as on the final wine. A meta-analysis was performed using published data for red and white varieties; a general liner model accounting for the effects of cultivar, rootstock, and midday stem water potential was able to explain up to 90% of the variability in the dataset, depending on the selected variable. In both red and white cultivars, berry weight, must titratable acidity and pH were fairly well simulated, whereas the goodness-of-fit for wine attributes was better for white cultivars.
水分胁迫和土壤盐分浓度增加是对地中海葡萄园表现产生负面影响的最常见非生物限制因素。然而，多项研究已证明亏缺灌溉策略能够改善葡萄的成分。相比之下，用盐水灌溉会对产量和葡萄成分产生负面影响，尽管这些影响的程度取决于品种、砧木、浇水时的物候阶段以及灌溉水中的盐分浓度。在这种情况下，必须采取农艺措施来尽量减少对浆果成分进而对葡萄酒质量的这些影响。在本文中，我们简要回顾了关于亏缺灌溉策略以及用盐水灌溉对红、白品种浆果成分以及最终葡萄酒的影响所获得的主要研究结果。利用已发表的红、白品种数据进行了荟萃分析；一个考虑了品种、砧木和午间茎水势影响的通用线性模型能够解释数据集中高达90%的变异性，这取决于所选变量。在红、白品种中，浆果重量、葡萄汁可滴定酸度和pH值都得到了较好的模拟，而葡萄酒属性的拟合优度对白品种更好。
