Villalobos-Soublett Emilio, Verdugo-Vásquez Nicolás, Díaz Irina, Zurita-Silva Andrés
Centro de Investigación Intihuasi, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, La Serena, Chile.
Centro de Investigación Raihuén, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, San Javier, Chile.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 24;13:870438. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870438. eCollection 2022.
Climate change effects are unbalanced in all regions and cultivars linked to the wine industry. However, the impact of extreme weather events, such as drought and rising global temperatures, highlight the potential vulnerability in plant productivity, phenology, and crop water requirements that affect quality and harvests. Among adaptative measures for grapevine cultivars in existing or new winegrowing areas, the use of tolerant rootstocks to abiotic stress has been regarded as a mid-term strategy to face emerging constrains. The aim of this study was to compare naturalized or autochthonous rootstocks influence over grapevine cultivar performance and to characterize their response to deficit irrigation conditions. Data was collected from Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah grafted plants for over 3 growing seasons (2018-2021) from a hyper-arid experimental field in Vicuña, Chile. Morpho-physiological parameters were determined throughout seasons and combinations where significant effects from rootstocks, irrigation treatment, and cultivar were observed over A and g, thus modifying CO assimilation and intrinsic Water Use Efficiency (WUE). Primary productivity and yield were also modified by rootstock depending upon cultivar hydric behavior. Interestingly, cluster and berry traits were unaffected despite how water productivity and integral water stress were modulated by rootstock. In both cultivars, it was observed that trait responses varied according to the irrigation conditions, rootstocks, and their respective interactions, thus highlighting a relative influence of the rootstocks in the processes of adaptation to the water deficit. Moreover, harvest date and acidity were modified by deficit irrigation treatment, and rootstocks did not modify phenological stages. Adaptation of grapevines to expected lower water availability might be improved by using suitable tolerant rootstocks, and maturity index can be modified through irrigation management.
气候变化的影响在与葡萄酒行业相关的所有地区和品种中是不均衡的。然而，干旱和全球气温上升等极端天气事件的影响，凸显了植物生产力、物候和作物需水量方面的潜在脆弱性，这些都会影响葡萄的品质和收成。在现有或新的葡萄种植区，针对葡萄品种的适应性措施中，使用对非生物胁迫具有耐受性的砧木被视为应对新出现限制的中期策略。本研究的目的是比较归化或本土砧木对葡萄品种性能的影响，并表征它们对亏缺灌溉条件的响应。从智利比库尼亚一个超干旱试验田的赤霞珠和西拉嫁接植株上收集了超过3个生长季节（2018 - 2021年）的数据。在整个季节中测定形态生理参数，并观察到砧木、灌溉处理和品种对光合速率（A）和气孔导度（g）有显著影响的组合，从而改变了二氧化碳同化和内在水分利用效率（WUE）。初级生产力和产量也因砧木而异，这取决于品种的水分行为。有趣的是，尽管砧木调节了水分生产力和整体水分胁迫，但果穗和浆果性状并未受到影响。在两个品种中都观察到，性状反应根据灌溉条件、砧木及其各自的相互作用而有所不同，从而突出了砧木在适应水分亏缺过程中的相对影响。此外，亏缺灌溉处理改变了收获日期和酸度，而砧木并未改变物候阶段。通过使用合适的耐受性砧木，可能会改善葡萄对预期更低水分可利用性的适应性，并且可以通过灌溉管理来改变成熟指数。
