Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2017 Aug;15(4):318-325. doi: 10.1007/s11914-017-0373-0.
Over the past decades, osteocytes have emerged as mechano-sensors of bone and master regulators of bone homeostasis. This article summarizes latest research and progress made in understanding osteocyte mechanobiology and critically reviews tools currently available to study these cells.
Whereas increased mechanical forces promote bone formation, decrease loading is always associated with bone loss and skeletal fragility. Recent studies identified cilia, integrins, calcium channels, and G-protein coupled receptors as important sensors of mechanical forces and Ca and cAMP signaling as key effectors. Among transcripts regulated by mechanical forces, sclerostin and RANKL have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for disuse-induced bone loss. In this paper, we review the mechanisms by which osteocytes perceive and transduce mechanical cues and the models available to study mechano-transduction. Future directions of the field are also discussed.
在过去几十年中，骨细胞已成为骨骼机械感受器和骨稳态的主要调节者。本文总结了理解骨细胞机械生物学的最新研究进展，并批判性地回顾了目前用于研究这些细胞的工具。
虽然增加机械力会促进骨形成，但减少负荷总是与骨丢失和骨骼脆弱相关。最近的研究确定了纤毛、整合素、钙通道和 G 蛋白偶联受体作为机械力的重要传感器，以及 Ca 和 cAMP 信号作为关键效应器。在受机械力调控的转录本中，骨硬化蛋白和 RANKL 已成为治疗废用性骨丢失的潜在靶点。本文综述了骨细胞感知和转导机械线索的机制，以及研究机械转导的可用模型。还讨论了该领域的未来发展方向。
