Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; email:
Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India 121001.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2017 Aug 4;55:537-564. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035458. Epub 2017 Jun 15.
Diverse plant biotrophs that establish a sustained site of nutrient acquisition induce localized host endoreduplication. Endoreduplication is a process by which cells successively replicate their genomes without mitosis, resulting in an increase in nuclear DNA ploidy. Elevated ploidy is associated with enhanced cell size, metabolic capacity, and the capacity to differentiate. Localized host endoreduplication induced by adapted plant biotrophs promotes biotroph colonization, development, and/or proliferation. When induced host endoreduplication is limited, biotroph growth and/or development are compromised. Herein, we examine a diverse set of plant-biotroph interactions to identify (a) common host components manipulated to promote induced host endoreduplication and (b) biotroph effectors that facilitate this induced host process. Shared mechanisms to promote host endoreduplication and development of nutrient exchange/feeding sites include manipulation centered on endocycle entry at the G2-M transition as well as yet undefined roles for differentiation regulators (e.g., CLE peptides) and pectin/cell wall modification.
不同的植物活体营养生物会建立一个持续的营养获取场所，诱导局部宿主内复制。内复制是一个细胞在没有有丝分裂的情况下连续复制其基因组的过程，导致核 DNA 倍性增加。较高的倍性与增强的细胞大小、代谢能力和分化能力有关。适应性植物活体营养物诱导的局部宿主内复制促进了生物的定殖、发育和/或增殖。当诱导的宿主内复制受到限制时，生物的生长和/或发育就会受到影响。在这里，我们研究了一系列不同的植物-活体营养物相互作用，以确定(a)促进诱导宿主内复制的常用宿主成分，以及(b)促进这一诱导宿主过程的活体营养物效应子。促进宿主内复制和营养交换/摄取部位发育的共享机制包括以 G2-M 转换时的内循环进入为中心的操纵，以及分化调节剂（如 CLE 肽）和果胶/细胞壁修饰的尚未明确定义的作用。
