André A, Leriche I, Chaix G, Thorin C, Burger M, Nguyen P
UBL, Oniris, National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering Nantes-Atlantic, Nutrition, Physiopathology and Pharmacology Unit (NP3), Nantes, France.
Virbac Nutrition, Vauvert, France.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2017 Jun;101 Suppl 1:21-30. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12744.
This study investigated the effects of an experimental high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet (protein level, 46% metabolizable energy, ME). First, postprandial plasma glucose and insulin kinetics were determined in steady-state overweight/obese Beagle dogs (28%-41% excess body weight) for an experimental high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet (protein level, 46% ME) and a commercial high-carbohydrate medium-protein diet (protein level, 24%ME) in obese dogs. Secondly, all the dogs were included in a weight loss programme. They were fed the high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet, and the energy allocation was gradually reduced until they reached their optimal body weight. Insulin sensitivity and body composition were evaluated before and after weight loss using a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and the deuterium oxide dilution technique respectively. For statistical analysis, linear mixed effect models were used with a significance level of 5%. Postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were substantially lower with the high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet than the high-carbohydrate medium-protein diet. These differences can be explained mainly by the difference in carbohydrate content between the two diets. Energy restriction (35% lower energy intake than in the obese state) resulted in a 2.23 ± 0.05% loss in body weight/week, and the dogs reached their optimal body weight in 12-16 weeks. Weight loss was associated with a significant increase in insulin sensitivity. The high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet allowed fat-free mass preservation despite a relatively high rate of weekly weight loss. The increase in insulin sensitivity indicated improved control of carbohydrate metabolism, possible due to weight loss and to the nature of the diet. Thus, a high-protein medium-carbohydrate diet is a good nutritional solution for managing the weight of overweight dogs. This diet may improve glycaemic control, which could be beneficial for preventing or managing impaired glucose tolerance in obese dogs and for safe and successful weight loss while preserving lean body mass.
本研究调查了一种实验性高蛋白中等碳水化合物饮食（蛋白质水平为可代谢能量的46%，即ME）的效果。首先，在稳态超重/肥胖的比格犬（体重超重28%-41%）中测定了实验性高蛋白中等碳水化合物饮食（蛋白质水平为46%ME）和商业高碳水化合物中等蛋白质饮食（蛋白质水平为24%ME）的餐后血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素动力学。其次，所有犬只都纳入了一个减肥计划。给它们喂食高蛋白中等碳水化合物饮食，并逐渐减少能量分配，直到它们达到最佳体重。分别使用正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹技术和氧化氘稀释技术在减肥前后评估胰岛素敏感性和身体成分。进行统计分析时，使用了显著性水平为5%的线性混合效应模型。与高碳水化合物中等蛋白质饮食相比，高蛋白中等碳水化合物饮食的餐后血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度显著更低。这些差异主要可由两种饮食中碳水化合物含量的差异来解释。能量限制（能量摄入量比肥胖状态低35%）导致体重每周下降2.23±0.05%，犬只在12至16周内达到最佳体重。体重减轻与胰岛素敏感性显著增加相关。尽管每周体重下降速度相对较高，但高蛋白中等碳水化合物饮食仍能保持去脂体重。胰岛素敏感性的增加表明碳水化合物代谢得到改善，这可能是由于体重减轻和饮食性质所致。因此，高蛋白中等碳水化合物饮食是管理超重犬体重的良好营养解决方案。这种饮食可能改善血糖控制，这对于预防或管理肥胖犬的糖耐量受损以及在保持瘦体重的同时安全成功减肥可能有益。
