Drake David, Kennedy Rodney, Wallace Eric
School of Sport, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, UK.
Ulster Rugby, Kingspan Stadium, 134 Mount Merrion Avenue, Belfast, Co. Antrim, BT6 0FT, UK.
Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec;3(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40798-017-0091-2. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Researchers and practitioners working in sports medicine and science require valid tests to determine the effectiveness of interventions and enhance understanding of mechanisms underpinning adaptation. Such decision making is influenced by the supportive evidence describing the validity of tests within current research. The objective of this study is to review the validity of lower body isometric multi-joint tests ability to assess muscular strength and determine the current level of supporting evidence.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in a systematic fashion to search, assess and synthesize existing literature on this topic. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, CINAHL and PubMed were searched up to 18 March 2015. Potential inclusions were screened against eligibility criteria relating to types of test, measurement instrument, properties of validity assessed and population group and were required to be published in English. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to assess methodological quality and measurement property rating of included studies. Studies rated as fair or better in methodological quality were included in the best evidence synthesis.
Fifty-nine studies met the eligibility criteria for quality appraisal. The ten studies that rated fair or better in methodological quality were included in the best evidence synthesis. The most frequently investigated lower body isometric multi-joint tests for validity were the isometric mid-thigh pull and isometric squat. The validity of each of these tests was strong in terms of reliability and construct validity. The evidence for responsiveness of tests was found to be moderate for the isometric squat test and unknown for the isometric mid-thigh pull. No tests using the isometric leg press met the criteria for inclusion in the best evidence synthesis.
Researchers and practitioners can use the isometric squat and isometric mid-thigh pull with confidence in terms of reliability and construct validity. Further work to investigate other validity components such as criterion validity, smallest detectable change and responsiveness to resistance exercise interventions may be beneficial to the current level of evidence.
从事运动医学与科学研究的人员及从业者需要有效的测试来确定干预措施的效果，并加深对适应机制的理解。此类决策受当前研究中描述测试有效性的支持性证据影响。本研究的目的是回顾下肢等长多关节测试评估肌肉力量的有效性，并确定当前的支持性证据水平。
按照系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，以系统的方式检索、评估和综合关于该主题的现有文献。截至2015年3月18日，检索了科学网、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）和医学期刊数据库（PubMed）等电子数据库。根据与测试类型、测量工具、评估的有效性属性和人群组相关的纳入标准筛选潜在的纳入文献，且要求文献以英文发表。使用基于共识的健康测量工具选择标准（COSMIN）清单来评估纳入研究的方法学质量和测量属性评级。方法学质量评级为“良好”或更高的研究纳入最佳证据综合分析。
59项研究符合质量评估的纳入标准。方法学质量评级为“良好”或更高的10项研究纳入最佳证据综合分析。有效性方面研究最频繁的下肢等长多关节测试是等长中大腿拉伸和等长深蹲。这些测试在可靠性和结构效度方面的有效性都很强。等长深蹲测试的反应性证据为中等，等长中大腿拉伸的反应性证据未知。没有使用等长腿举的测试符合纳入最佳证据综合分析的标准。
研究人员和从业者可以放心地使用等长深蹲和等长中大腿拉伸测试，因为它们在可靠性和结构效度方面表现良好。进一步研究其他有效性成分，如效标效度、最小可检测变化和对阻力运动干预的反应性，可能有助于提高当前的证据水平。
