The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
Dev Cell. 2017 Jun 19;41(6):581-589. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.019.
Although haploidy has not been observed in vertebrates, its natural occurrence in various eukaryotic species that had diverged from diploid ancestors suggests that there is an innate capacity for an organism to regain haploidy and that haploidy may confer evolutionary benefits. Haploid embryonic stem cells have been experimentally generated from mouse, rat, monkey, and humans. Haploidy results in major differences in cell size and gene expression levels while also affecting parental imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, and mitochondrial metabolism genes. We discuss here haploidy in evolution and the barriers to haploidy, in particular in the human context.
虽然在脊椎动物中没有观察到单倍体，但在从二倍体祖先分化出来的各种真核生物中自然发生的单倍体表明，生物体有一种内在的能力可以恢复单倍体，而且单倍体可能带来进化优势。单倍体胚胎干细胞已经从老鼠、大鼠、猴子和人类中被实验性地生成。单倍体导致细胞大小和基因表达水平的显著差异，同时也影响亲本印记、X 染色体失活和线粒体代谢基因。在这里，我们讨论了进化中的单倍体以及单倍体的障碍，特别是在人类背景下。
