Gonzalez-Ochoa Guadalupe, Flores-Mendoza Lilian K, Icedo-Garcia Ramona, Gomez-Flores Ricardo, Tamez-Guerra Patricia
División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, 85880, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico.
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Arch Microbiol. 2017 Sep;199(7):953-961. doi: 10.1007/s00203-017-1400-3. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Annual mortality rates due to infectious diarrhea are about 2.2 million; children are the most vulnerable age group to severe gastroenteritis, representing group A rotaviruses as the main cause of disease. One of the main factors of rotavirus pathogenesis is the NSP4 protein, which has been characterized as a viral toxin involved in triggering several cellular responses leading to diarrhea. Furthermore, the rotavirus protein NSP1 has been associated with interferon production inhibition by inducing the degradation of interferon regulatory factors IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7. On the other hand, probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species in combination with prebiotics such as inulin, HMO, scGOS, lcFOS have been associated with improved generalized antiviral response and anti-rotavirus effect by the reduction of rotavirus infectivity and viral shedding, decreased expression of NSP4 and increased levels of specific anti-rotavirus IgAs. Moreover, these probiotics and prebiotics have been related to shorter duration and severity of rotavirus diarrhea, to the prevention of infection and reduced incidence of reinfections. In this review we will discuss in detail about the rotavirus pathogenesis and immunity, and how probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in combination with prebiotics have been associated with the prevention or modulation of rotavirus severe gastroenteritis.
感染性腹泻的年死亡率约为220万；儿童是最易患严重肠胃炎的年龄组，A组轮状病毒是主要致病原因。轮状病毒发病机制的主要因素之一是NSP4蛋白，它被认为是一种病毒毒素，可引发多种导致腹泻的细胞反应。此外，轮状病毒蛋白NSP1通过诱导干扰素调节因子IRF3、IRF5和IRF7的降解，与抑制干扰素产生有关。另一方面，双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌等益生菌与菊粉、人乳寡糖、短链低聚半乳糖、长链低聚果糖等益生元联合使用，通过降低轮状病毒的感染性和病毒排出量、减少NSP4的表达以及提高特异性抗轮状病毒IgA水平，与改善全身抗病毒反应和抗轮状病毒效果有关。此外，这些益生菌和益生元还与缩短轮状病毒腹泻的持续时间和减轻严重程度、预防感染以及降低再次感染的发生率有关。在本综述中，我们将详细讨论轮状病毒的发病机制和免疫，以及乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌等益生菌与益生元联合使用如何与预防或调节轮状病毒严重肠胃炎相关。
