Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No. 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico.
Molecules. 2017 Jun 22;22(7):1031. doi: 10.3390/molecules22071031.
Modern agriculture requires alternative practices that improve crop growth without negatively affecting the environment, as resources such as water and arable land grow scarcer while the human population continues to increase. Grafting is a cultivation technique that allows the plant to be more efficient in its utilization of water and nutrients, while nanoscale material engineering provides the opportunity to use much smaller quantities of consumables compared to conventional systems but with similar or superior effects. On those grounds, we evaluated the effects of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with absorbed copper nanoparticles (Cs-PVA-nCu) on leaf morphology and plant growth when applied to grafted watermelon cultivar 'Jubilee' plants. Stomatal density (SD), stomatal index (SI), stoma length (SL), and width (SW) were evaluated. The primary stem and root length, the stem diameter, specific leaf area, and fresh and dry weights were also recorded. Our results demonstrate that grafting induces modifications to leaf micromorphology that favorably affect plant growth, with grafted plants showing better vegetative growth in spite of their lower SD and SI values. Application of Cs-PVA-nCu was found to increase stoma width, primary stem length, and root length by 7%, 8% and 14%, respectively. These techniques modestly improve plant development and growth.
现代农业需要替代实践，在不影响环境的情况下提高作物生长，因为随着人口的持续增长，水资源和耕地等资源变得越来越稀缺。嫁接是一种栽培技术，可以提高植物对水和养分的利用效率，而纳米材料工程提供了与传统系统相比使用更少消耗品的机会，但效果相似或更好。基于这些原因，我们评估了壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇水凝胶吸收铜纳米粒子（Cs-PVA-nCu）对嫁接西瓜品种“Jubilee”植株叶片形态和生长的影响。评估了气孔密度（SD）、气孔指数（SI）、气孔长度（SL）和宽度（SW）。还记录了主茎和根长、茎直径、比叶面积以及鲜重和干重。我们的结果表明，嫁接诱导叶片微观形态发生变化，有利于植物生长，尽管嫁接植株的 SD 和 SI 值较低，但它们的营养生长更好。发现 Cs-PVA-nCu 的应用可以使气孔宽度、主茎长度和根长分别增加 7%、8%和 14%。这些技术适度改善了植物的发育和生长。
