Kroll Judith F, Dussias Paola E, Bice Kinsey, Perrotti Lauren
Department of Psychology, Italian, and Portuguese, Program in Linguistics, Center for Language Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
Department of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese, Program in Linguistics, Center for Language Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
Annu Rev Linguist. 2015;1:377-394. doi: 10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124937. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
The use of two or more languages is common in most of the world. Yet, until recently, bilingualism was considered to be a complicating factor for language processing, cognition, and the brain. The past 20 years have witnessed an upsurge of research on bilingualism to examine language acquisition and processing, their cognitive and neural bases, and the consequences that bilingualism holds for cognition and the brain over the life span. Contrary to the view that bilingualism complicates the language system, this new research demonstrates that all of the languages that are known and used become part of the same language system. The interactions that arise when two languages are in play have consequences for the mind and the brain and, indeed, for language processing itself, but those consequences are not additive. Thus, bilingualism helps reveal the fundamental architecture and mechanisms of language processing that are otherwise hidden in monolingual speakers.
在世界上大多数地区，使用两种或更多语言是很常见的。然而，直到最近，双语现象还被认为是语言处理、认知和大脑方面的一个复杂因素。在过去20年里，对双语现象的研究激增，旨在考察语言习得与处理、其认知和神经基础，以及双语现象在整个生命周期中对认知和大脑的影响。与双语现象会使语言系统复杂化的观点相反，这项新研究表明，所有已知并使用的语言都成为同一语言系统的一部分。两种语言同时使用时产生的相互作用会对思维和大脑产生影响，实际上也会对语言处理本身产生影响，但这些影响并非简单相加。因此，双语有助于揭示单语者身上隐藏的语言处理的基本结构和机制。
