Rodrigues Charlene M C, Pinto Marta V, Sadarangani Manish, Plotkin Stanley A
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
J Infect. 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S2-S9. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30184-6.
Currently used vaccines have had major effects on eliminating common infections, largely by duplicating the immune responses induced by natural infections. Now vaccinology faces more complex problems, such as waning antibody, immunosenescence, evasion of immunity by the pathogen, deviation of immunity by the microbiome, induction of inhibitory responses, and complexity of the antigens required for protection. Fortunately, vaccine development is now incorporating knowledge from immunology, structural biology, systems biology and synthetic chemistry to meet these challenges. In addition, international organisations are developing new funding and licensing pathways for vaccines aimed at pathogens with epidemic potential that emerge from tropical areas.
目前使用的疫苗在消除常见感染方面发挥了重大作用，主要是通过复制自然感染诱导的免疫反应。如今，疫苗学面临着更复杂的问题，如抗体衰减、免疫衰老、病原体免疫逃逸、微生物群导致的免疫偏差、抑制性反应的诱导以及保护性抗原的复杂性。幸运的是，疫苗研发目前正在纳入来自免疫学、结构生物学、系统生物学和合成化学的知识，以应对这些挑战。此外，国际组织正在为针对热带地区出现的具有流行潜力的病原体的疫苗开发新的资金和许可途径。
