Moskvin Sergey Vladimirovich
State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine, Russia, Moscow.
J Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Spring;8(2):56-65. doi: 10.15171/jlms.2017.11. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
In Russia (formerly USSR) study of biomodulation action (BMA) mechanisms of low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) began in 1964, immediately after the development of lasers. During the period from 1965 to 1972 several dozens of scientific conferences were held, hundreds of studies were published. Generally, secondary mechanisms and results of LILI effect on patients with various diseases were studied. This data was immediately implemented into practical medicine in the fields of oncology, surgery, dermatology and dentistry, and since 1974 low level laser therapy (LLLT) is included in the standard of state medical care. For 50 years no less than 1000 books were published (monographs, collections, methodical and clinical materials), thousands of researches were carried out. Primary mechanism and patterns of interaction of LILI with acceptors within cells can be represented in the following order: absorption of photon's energy - emergence of a local temperature gradient - release of Ca from intracellular stores - stimulating Ca-dependent processes. Understanding of this process allowed the explanation of all known secondary effects, optimized methods and extremely increased effectiveness of LLLT. Owing to the knowledge of BMA mechanisms of LILI, numerous associated and combined LLLT techniques were developed and are widely used nowadays: locally, on the projection of internal organs, laser acupuncture, reflexology, intracavitary, transdermal and intravenous laser blood illumination, magnetic-laser therapy, laser phoresis, laser-vacuum massage, biomodulation, etc. About 400 000 laser therapeutic devices are used in Russian practical healthcare. Unique, having no analogues in the world devices, are produced - red pulsed laser diodes (wavelength 635 nm, power 5-40 W, pulse duration 100 ns, frequency 10 000 Hz) are designed specially for effective laser therapy.
在俄罗斯（前苏联），低强度激光照射（LILI）的生物调制作用（BMA）机制研究始于1964年，即激光发明后不久。1965年至1972年期间，召开了几十次科学会议，发表了数百项研究。总体而言，研究了LILI对各种疾病患者的次要机制和效果。这些数据立即被应用于肿瘤学、外科、皮肤科和牙科等临床医学领域，自1974年起，低强度激光疗法（LLLT）被纳入国家医疗保健标准。50年来，出版了不少于1000本书籍（专著、论文集、方法学和临床资料），开展了数千项研究。LILI与细胞内受体相互作用的主要机制和模式可按以下顺序呈现：光子能量吸收 - 局部温度梯度出现 - 细胞内储存的钙释放 - 刺激钙依赖性过程。对这一过程的理解使得能够解释所有已知的次要效应，优化了方法并极大提高了LLLT的有效性。由于了解了LILI的BMA机制，如今开发并广泛应用了众多相关和联合的LLLT技术：局部照射、内脏投影照射、激光针灸、反射疗法、腔内照射、经皮和静脉激光血液照射、磁激光疗法、激光离子导入、激光真空按摩、生物调制等。俄罗斯实际医疗保健中使用了约40万台激光治疗设备。还生产了世界上独一无二、无类似产品的设备——专门为有效激光治疗设计的红色脉冲激光二极管（波长635纳米，功率5 - 40瓦，脉冲持续时间100纳秒，频率10000赫兹）。
