Mira Alex, Artacho Alejandro, Camelo-Castillo Anny, Garcia-Esteban Sandra, Simon-Soro Aurea
Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia 46020, Spain.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2017 Jun 27;7(3):38. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics7030038.
By using ELISA and colorimetric tests, we have measured 25 compounds in individuals with and without dental caries at different time points of dental biofilm formation and time of the day. We find that some compounds appear to be affected by circadian rhythms, others by dental plaque maturity, and others show constant values during a 24 h period. Using univariate analysis and cross-validation techniques, we have selected six components measured at specific time points that maximize the diagnostic separation of health and disease conditions. Two out of the six selected compounds are related to immune competence, another two to the adhesion capacity of micro-organisms, and another two to acid production or pH buffering. We conclude that, in order to design a robust caries risk test, the time of saliva sampling must be standardized and biomarkers from different categories must be included. The preliminary data shown in this paper provide a proof of principle of a caries risk test based on risk-associated categories. Thus, the test will provide not only a general caries risk assessment, but also the likely biological origin of that risk, namely: immune imbalance, and/or a tendency to adhesion of cariogenic organisms, and/or a lack of acid buffering. When tested longitudinally and validated in larger cohorts, this could open the possibility to develop preventive and personalized treatments.
通过使用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）和比色法测试，我们在牙菌斑形成的不同时间点以及一天中的不同时间，对有龋齿和无龋齿的个体中的25种化合物进行了测量。我们发现，一些化合物似乎受昼夜节律影响，另一些受牙菌斑成熟度影响，还有一些在24小时内显示恒定值。使用单变量分析和交叉验证技术，我们选择了在特定时间点测量的六种成分，这些成分能最大限度地提高健康与疾病状态的诊断区分度。所选的六种化合物中有两种与免疫能力有关，另外两种与微生物的黏附能力有关，还有两种与酸产生或pH缓冲有关。我们得出结论，为了设计一个可靠的龋齿风险测试，唾液采样时间必须标准化，并且必须纳入来自不同类别的生物标志物。本文所示的初步数据为基于风险相关类别的龋齿风险测试提供了原理证明。因此，该测试不仅将提供一般的龋齿风险评估，还将提供该风险可能的生物学来源，即：免疫失衡和/或致龋生物黏附倾向和/或酸缓冲能力不足。当在更大的队列中进行纵向测试并验证时，这可能为开发预防性和个性化治疗开辟可能性。
