Arbit Ehud, Kidron Miriam
1 Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Jerusalem, Israel.
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2017 Jul;11(4):825-832. doi: 10.1177/1932296817691303. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Insulin remains indispensable to the treatment of diabetes, but its availability in injectable form only has hampered its timely and broader use. The development of an oral insulin remains an ultimate goal to both enhance ease of use, and to provide therapeutic advantages rooted in its direct delivery to the portal vein and liver. By mimicking the physiological path taken by pancreatic insulin, oral insulin is expected to have a distinct effect on the hepatic aspect of carbohydrate metabolism, hepatic insulin resistance, and, at the same time, avoid hyperinsulinemia and minimize the risk of hypoglycemia. With oral insulin approaching late stages of development, the goal of this review is to examine oral insulin in a physiological context and report on recent progress in its development.
胰岛素在糖尿病治疗中仍然不可或缺，但其仅以注射形式提供这一情况阻碍了它的及时和更广泛应用。口服胰岛素的研发仍是一个终极目标，这既能提高使用便利性，又能因直接输送至门静脉和肝脏而带来治疗优势。通过模拟胰腺胰岛素的生理路径，口服胰岛素有望对碳水化合物代谢的肝脏方面、肝脏胰岛素抵抗产生独特作用，同时避免高胰岛素血症并将低血糖风险降至最低。随着口服胰岛素研发接近后期阶段，本综述的目的是在生理背景下审视口服胰岛素，并报告其研发的最新进展。
