Mahmoodpoor Fariba, Rahbar Saadat Yalda, Barzegari Abolfazl, Ardalan Mohammadreza, Zununi Vahed Sepideh
Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Sep;93:412-419. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.066. Epub 2017 Jun 24.
Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are a global health problem. Besides diverse leading reasons in initiation and progression of CKDs, it is evident that they might largely originate from changes in the gut microbial community (microbiota). Mounting evidence indicates that a bidirectional relationship exists between host and microbiome in humans and animals with CKDs. Changes in the microbiota composition and structure (dysbiosis) produce excessive amounts of uremic toxins (e.g. indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate and trimethylamine-N-oxide) but less reno-protective metabolites that are implicated in oxidative stress, uremia, inflammation, deterioration of kidney function, kidney diseases progression, a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk, and mortality in patients with CKD. The present review focuses on the pathogenic association between gut microbiota and kidney diseases like CKD, IgA nephropathy, and kidney stone disease. Certainly, novel insights into the impact of the gut microbiota in kidney diseases can be helpful to develop therapeutic strategies in order to avoid and/or treat aforementioned conditions.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一个全球性的健康问题。除了导致CKD发生和进展的多种主要原因外，很明显它们可能很大程度上源于肠道微生物群落（微生物群）的变化。越来越多的证据表明，在患有CKD的人类和动物中，宿主与微生物组之间存在双向关系。微生物群组成和结构的变化（生态失调）会产生过量的尿毒症毒素（如硫酸吲哚酚、对甲酚硫酸盐和氧化三甲胺），但产生的具有肾脏保护作用的代谢物较少，这些代谢物与氧化应激、尿毒症、炎症、肾功能恶化、肾脏疾病进展、心血管疾病风险较高以及CKD患者的死亡率有关。本综述重点关注肠道微生物群与CKD、IgA肾病和肾结石病等肾脏疾病之间的致病关联。当然，对肠道微生物群在肾脏疾病中影响的新见解有助于制定治疗策略，以避免和/或治疗上述病症。
