Kuś Piotr M, Jerković Igor, Marijanović Zvonimir, Tuberoso Carlo I G
Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
Chem Biodivers. 2017 Sep;14(9). doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201700179. Epub 2017 Aug 17.
GC/MS of headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and solvent extractives along with targeted HPLC-DAD of Polish fir (Abies alba Mill.) honeydew honey (FHH), were used to determine the chemical profiles and potential markers of botanical origin. Additionally, typical physical-chemical parameters were also assigned. The values determined for FHH were: conductivity (1.2 mS/cm), water content (16.7 g/100 g), pH (4.5), and CIE chromaticity coordinates (L* = 48.4, a* = 20.6, b* = 69.7, C* = 72.9, and h° = 73.5). FHH contained moderate-high total phenolic content (533.2 mg GAE/kg) and antioxidant activity (1.1 mmol TEAC/kg) and (3.2 mmol Fe /kg) in DPPH and FRAP assays. The chemical profiles were dominated by source plant-originated benzene derivatives: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (up to 8.7 mg/kg, HPLC/honey solution), methyl syringate (up to 14.5%, GC/solvent extracts) or benzaldehyde (up to 43.7%, GC/headspace). Other markers were terpenes including norisoprenoid (4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, up to 20.3%, GC/solvent extracts) and monoterpenes, mainly linalool derivatives (up to 49%, GC/headspace) as well as borneol (up to 5.9%, GC/headspace). The application of various techniques allowed comprehensive characterisation of FHH. 4-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, coniferyl alcohol, borneol, and benzaldehyde were first time proposed for FHH screening. Protocatechuic acid may be a potential marker of FFH regardless of the geographical origin.
采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和溶剂萃取物的气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）以及波兰冷杉（Abies alba Mill.）蜜露蜂蜜（FHH）的靶向高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD），来确定其化学特征和植物来源的潜在标志物。此外，还测定了典型的理化参数。FHH的测定值为：电导率（1.2毫西门子/厘米）、水分含量（16.7克/100克）、pH值（4.5）以及CIE色度坐标（L* = 48.4，a* = 20.6，b* = 69.7，C* = 72.9，h° = 73.5）。在DPPH和FRAP测定中，FHH含有中高含量的总酚（533.2毫克没食子酸当量/千克）和抗氧化活性（1.1毫摩尔TEAC/千克）以及（3.2毫摩尔铁/千克）。化学特征以源植物衍生的苯衍生物为主：3,4-二羟基苯甲酸（高达8.7毫克/千克，HPLC/蜂蜜溶液）、丁香酸甲酯（高达14.5%，GC/溶剂提取物）或苯甲醛（高达43.7%，GC/顶空）。其他标志物为萜类化合物，包括去甲异戊二烯类（4-羟基-3,5,6-三甲基-4-(3-氧代丁-1-烯基)环己-2-烯-1-酮，高达20.3%，GC/溶剂提取物）和单萜类化合物，主要是芳樟醇衍生物（高达49%，GC/顶空）以及冰片（高达5.9%，GC/顶空）。各种技术的应用使FHH得到了全面表征。4-羟基-3,5,6-三甲基-4-(3-氧代丁-1-烯基)环己-2-烯-1-酮、松柏醇、冰片和苯甲醛首次被提出用于FHH筛选。无论地理来源如何，原儿茶酸可能是FFH的潜在标志物。
