Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia.
Molecules. 2021 Apr 14;26(8):2277. doi: 10.3390/molecules26082277.
Recently, we proposed a new sample preparation method involving reduced solvent and sample usage, based on dehydration homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (DHLLE) for the screening of volatiles and semi-volatiles from honey. In the present research, the method was applied to a wide range of honeys (21 different representative unifloral samples) to determine its suitability for detecting characteristic honey compounds from different chemical classes. GC-FID/MS disclosed 130 compounds from different structural and chemical groups. The DHLLE method allowed the extraction and identification of a wide range of previously reported specific and nonspecific marker compounds belonging to different chemical groups (including monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, benzene derivatives, or nitrogen compounds). For example, DHLLE allowed the detection of cornflower honey chemical markers: 3-oxo--α-ionols, 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoedulan, phenyllactic acid; coffee honey markers: theobromine and caffeine; linden honey markers: 4-isopropenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid and 4-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid, as well as furan derivatives from buckwheat honey. The obtained results were comparable with the previously reported data on markers of various honey varieties. Considering the application of much lower volumes of very common reagents, DHLLE may provide economical and ecological advantages as an alternative sample preparation method for routine purposes.
最近，我们提出了一种新的样品制备方法，涉及减少溶剂和样品用量，基于脱水均相液-液萃取（DHLLE），用于从蜂蜜中筛选挥发性和半挥发性物质。在本研究中，该方法应用于广泛的蜂蜜（21 种不同的代表性单花样品），以确定其是否适合检测来自不同化学类别的特征蜂蜜化合物。GC-FID/MS 揭示了 130 种来自不同结构和化学基团的化合物。DHLLE 方法允许提取和鉴定广泛报道的属于不同化学基团（包括单萜、异戊二烯、苯衍生物或氮化合物）的特定和非特异性标记化合物。例如，DHLLE 允许检测矢车菊花蜜的化学标记物：3-氧--α-紫罗兰醇、3,4-二氢-3-氧代奥杜兰、苯乳酸；咖啡蜂蜜标记物：可可碱和咖啡因；椴树蜂蜜标记物：4-异丙烯基环己-1,3-二烯-1-羧酸和 4-（2-羟基-2-丙基）环己-1,3-二烯-1-羧酸，以及荞麦蜂蜜中的呋喃衍生物。所得结果与各种蜂蜜品种标记物的先前报道数据相当。考虑到使用体积小得多且非常常见的试剂，DHLLE 可能作为常规目的的替代样品制备方法具有经济和生态优势。
