Gonçalves Vívian N, Oliveira Fabio S, Carvalho Camila R, Schaefer Carlos E G R, Rosa Carlos A, Rosa Luiz H
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Department of Geography, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Extremophiles. 2017 Sep;21(5):851-860. doi: 10.1007/s00792-017-0947-x. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
We assessed the diversity of culturable fungi associated with rocks of continental Antarctica to evaluate their physiological opportunistic virulence potential in vitro. The seventy fungal isolates obtained were identified as nine species of Acremonium, Byssochlamys, Cladosporium, Debaryomyces, Penicillium, and Rhodotorula. Acremonium sp., D. hansenii, P. chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. tardochrysogenum, and R. mucilaginosa were able to grow at 37 °C; in addition, B. spectabilis displayed a high level of growth at 37 and 45 °C. Thirty-one isolates of P. chrysogenum, P. citrinum, and P. tardochrysogenum were able to produce partial haemolysis on blood agar at 37 °C. Acremonium sp., P. citrinum, and P. tardochrysogenum showed spore sizes ranging from 2.81 to 5.13 µm diameters at 37 °C. Of these, P. chrysogenum and P. tardochrysogenum displayed macro- and micro morphological polymorphism. Our results suggest that rocks of the ultra-extreme cold and dry environment of Antarctica harbour cryptic fungi phylogenetically close to opportunistic pathogenic and mycotoxigenic taxa with physiologic virulence characteristics in vitro.
我们评估了与南极大陆岩石相关的可培养真菌的多样性，以评估它们在体外的生理机会致病性毒力潜力。获得的70株真菌分离株被鉴定为顶孢霉属、丝衣霉属、枝孢属、德巴利酵母属、青霉属和红酵母属的9个物种。顶孢霉属、汉逊德巴利酵母、产黄青霉、桔青霉、迟缓产黄青霉和粘红酵母能够在37°C下生长；此外，壮观丝衣霉在37°C和45°C下显示出高水平的生长。31株产黄青霉、桔青霉和迟缓产黄青霉分离株能够在37°C的血琼脂上产生部分溶血。顶孢霉属、桔青霉和迟缓产黄青霉在37°C下的孢子直径范围为2.81至5.13µm。其中，产黄青霉和迟缓产黄青霉表现出宏观和微观形态多态性。我们的结果表明，南极超极寒冷干燥环境中的岩石蕴藏着在系统发育上与具有体外生理毒力特征的机会致病性和产毒真菌类群相近的隐性真菌。
