Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
Extremophiles. 2021 Mar;25(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/s00792-021-01221-4. Epub 2021 Mar 2.
We evaluated the fungal diversity associated with carbonate veins and two types of salt encrustation in rocks in a polar desert region of continental Antarctica using DNA a metabarcoding approach. We detected 262,268 reads grouped into 517 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) assigned to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Mucoromycota. Fourteen ASVs belonging to the genera Trichosporon, Mortierella, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Coprinellus, Pleurotus and Pseudogymnoascus were assessed to be dominant taxa. The fungal communities of the three habitats sampled displayed high diversity indices when compared with other habitats of Antarctica, although differing in detail, with the highest diversity indices in the gypsum crust type 2. Only 48 of the 517 ASVs (9.28%) were detected in all three habitats, including dominant, intermediate and minor components. In contrast with previous studies of fungal communities living in the ultra-extreme conditions of continental Antarctica, application of metabarcoding revealed the DNA of a rich and complex resident fungal community. The ASVs detected included fungi with different ecological roles, with xerophilic, human- and animal-associated, phytopathogenic, saprotrophic, mutualistic, psychrotolerant and cosmopolitan taxa. This sequence diversity may be the result of deposition of fungal propagules over time driven by air currents, precipitation or human activities in the region.
我们使用 DNA 宏条形码方法评估了与碳酸盐脉和两种岩石盐壳有关的真菌多样性，这些岩石位于南极洲大陆的极荒漠地区。我们检测到 262,268 条reads，它们被分为 517 个扩增子序列变异体（ASVs），隶属于子囊菌门、担子菌门、毛霉门和毛霉门。属于曲霉属、曲霉属、曲霉属、曲霉属、曲霉属、曲霉属、曲霉属和曲霉属的 14 个 ASVs被评估为优势类群。与南极洲其他栖息地相比，三个栖息地的真菌群落具有较高的多样性指数，但细节上有所不同，其中石膏壳型 2 的多样性指数最高。在所有三个栖息地中，只有 48 个 ASVs（9.28%）被检测到，包括优势、中间和次要成分。与以前在南极洲大陆超极端条件下生活的真菌群落研究相比，宏条形码的应用揭示了丰富而复杂的驻留真菌群落的 DNA。检测到的 ASVs 包括具有不同生态作用的真菌，包括耐旱、与人或动物相关、植物病原菌、腐生菌、共生菌、耐冷菌和世界性物种。这种序列多样性可能是由于气流、降水或该地区人类活动导致的真菌繁殖体随时间的沉积所致。
