Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, 04510, Mexico.
Laboratorio Mecanismos de Integración Hipotalámica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico.
Eur J Neurosci. 2017 Aug;46(3):1875-1886. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13633. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
Travelling across several time zones requires a fast adjustment of the circadian system and the differential adjustment speeds of organs and systems results in what is commonly referred as jet lag. During this transitory state of circadian disruption, individuals feel discomfort, appetite loss, fatigue, disturbed sleep and deficient performance of multiple tasks. We have demonstrated that after a 6-h phase advance of the light-dark cycle (LD) scheduled food in phase with the new night onset can speed up re-entrainment. In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying the fast re-entrainment due to the feeding schedule. We focused on first- and second-order structures that provide metabolic information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We compared (i) control rats without change in LD cycle; (ii) rats exposed to a 6-h phase advance of the LD cycle with food ad libitum; and (iii) rats exposed to the 6-h phase advance combined with food access in phase with the new night. We found an immediate synchronizing effect of food on stomach distention and on c-Fos expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. These observations indicate that in a model of jet lag, scheduled feeding can favour an immediate shift in first- and second-order relays to the SCN and that by keeping feeding schedules coupled to the new night, a fast re-entrainment may be achieved by shifting peripheral and extra-SCN oscillations.
穿越多个时区需要快速调整生物钟，而器官和系统的调整速度差异会导致人们通常所说的时差反应。在这种短暂的生物钟紊乱状态下，个体感到不适、食欲下降、疲劳、睡眠紊乱和多项任务表现不佳。我们已经证明，在光-暗周期（LD）提前 6 小时的情况下，与新的夜间开始时间同步的定时进食可以加速重新同步。在这项研究中，我们探讨了由于进食时间表而导致快速重新同步的潜在机制。我们专注于提供代谢信息给视交叉上核（SCN）的第一和第二级结构。我们比较了（i）没有改变 LD 周期的对照组大鼠；（ii）暴露于 LD 周期提前 6 小时且自由进食的大鼠；和（iii）暴露于 6 小时 LD 周期提前并与新的夜间同步进食的大鼠。我们发现食物对胃扩张和孤束核、下丘脑弓状核、下丘脑背内侧核和室旁核中 c-Fos 表达的即时同步作用。这些观察结果表明，在时差反应模型中，定时进食可以促进第一和第二级中继向 SCN 的即时转移，并且通过使进食时间表与新的夜间保持同步，可以通过转移外周和 SCN 外的振荡来实现快速重新同步。
