de Melo Marília Ferreira Frazão Tavares, Pereira Diego Elias, Sousa Morgana Moura, Medeiros Dilian Maise Ferreira, Lemos Leanderson Tulio Marques, Madruga Marta Suely, Santos Nayane Medeiros, de Oliveira Maria Elieidy Gomes, de Menezes Camila Carolina, Soares Juliana Késsia Barbosa
Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil.
Int J Dev Neurosci. 2017 Oct;61:58-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Essential fatty acids, being indispensable during the stages of pregnancy, lactation and infancy influence the transmission of nerve impulses and brain function, and cashew nuts are a good source of these fatty acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cashew nut consumption on reflex development, memory and profile of fatty acids of rat offspring treated during pregnancy and lactation. The animals were divided into three groups: Control (CONT), treated with 7% lipid derived from soybean oil; Normolipidic (NL) treated with 7% lipids derived from cashew nuts; and Hyperlipidic (HL) treated with 20% lipids derived from cashew nuts. Reflex ontogeny, Open-field habituation test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) were assessed. The profile of fatty acids in the brain was carried out when the animals were zero, 21 and 60days old. Accelerated reflex maturation was observed in animals treated with cashew nuts (p<0.05). NL presented better memory in the Open-field habituation test; the NL and HL showed improvement of short-term memory in the ORT, but long term damage in HL (p<0.05). The results of the lipid profile of the brain at the end of the experiment showed an increase in levels of saturated fatty acids and less Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in animals of the HL. The data showed that maternal consumption of cashew nuts can accelerate reflex maturation and facilitate memory in offspring when offered in adequate quantities.
必需脂肪酸在怀孕、哺乳和婴儿期不可或缺，会影响神经冲动传递和大脑功能，腰果是这些脂肪酸的良好来源。本研究的目的是评估孕期和哺乳期食用腰果对大鼠后代反射发育、记忆及脂肪酸谱的影响。将动物分为三组：对照组（CONT），用7%大豆油衍生脂质处理；正常脂质组（NL），用7%腰果衍生脂质处理；高脂组（HL），用20%腰果衍生脂质处理。评估反射个体发育、旷场习惯化试验和物体识别试验（ORT）。在动物0、21和60日龄时检测大脑中的脂肪酸谱。食用腰果的动物反射成熟加速（p<0.05）。NL组在旷场习惯化试验中表现出更好的记忆力；NL组和HL组在ORT中短期记忆有所改善，但HL组存在长期损害（p<0.05）。实验结束时大脑脂质谱结果显示，HL组动物饱和脂肪酸水平升高，二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）减少。数据表明，孕期母体适量食用腰果可加速后代反射成熟并促进记忆。
