Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;27(1):47-56. doi: 10.1007/s00787-017-1019-6. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
Suicide in adolescents is the second most common cause of death in this age group and an important public health problem. We examined sociodemographic factors associated with suicide in Swiss adolescents and analysed time trends in youth suicide in the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). The SNC is a longitudinal study of the whole Swiss resident population, based on linkage of census and mortality records. We identified suicides in adolescents aged 10-18 years from 1991 to 2013. A total of 2.396 million adolescents were included and 592 suicides were recorded, corresponding to a rate of 3.7 per 100,000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4-4.0]. Rates increased with age from 0.0 per 100,000 at age 10 years to 14.8 per 100,000 (95% CI 12.6-17.5) at 18 years in boys, and from 0.0 to 5.4 per 100,000 (4.1-7.2) in girls. Being a boy, living in a single parent household, being an only or middle-born child, and living in rural regions were factors associated with a higher rate of suicide. Hanging was the most common method in boys, and railway suicides were most frequent in girls. There was no clear evidence for an increase or decrease over calendar time. We conclude that familial and socioeconomic factors including type of household, birth order and urbanity are associated with youth suicide in Switzerland. These factors should be considered when designing prevention programmes for youth suicide.
青少年自杀是该年龄段第二大常见死因，也是一个重要的公共卫生问题。我们研究了与瑞士青少年自杀相关的社会人口学因素，并分析了瑞士全国队列研究（SNC）中青少年自杀的时间趋势。SNC 是一项对瑞士全体居民的纵向研究，基于人口普查和死亡率记录的链接。我们确定了 1991 年至 2013 年期间 10-18 岁青少年的自杀事件。共纳入 239.6 万名青少年，记录到 592 例自杀，每 10 万人中有 3.7 例（95%置信区间 3.4-4.0）。自杀率随年龄增长而增加，男孩从 10 岁时的每 10 万人 0.0 例增至 18 岁时的每 10 万人 14.8 例（95%置信区间 12.6-17.5），女孩从 0.0 例增至每 10 万人 5.4 例（4.1-7.2）。男孩、单亲家庭、独生子或中间出生的孩子以及居住在农村地区是自杀率较高的相关因素。上吊是男孩中最常见的自杀方式，而铁路自杀在女孩中最为常见。没有明确证据表明自杀率随日历时间的增加或减少而变化。我们的结论是，包括家庭类型、出生顺序和城市化在内的家庭和社会经济因素与瑞士青少年自杀有关。在为青少年自杀设计预防方案时，应考虑这些因素。
