CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon 1/INRA U1235, Lyon, France.
Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Dec;41(12):1728-1736. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.151. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
Obesity is a dietary fat storage disease. Although exercise prevents weight gain, effects of chronic training on dietary fat oxidation remains understudied in overweight adults.
We tested whether 2 months of training at current guidelines increase dietary fat oxidation in sedentary overweight adults like in sedentary lean adults.
Sedentary lean (n=10) and overweight (n=9) men trained on a cycle ergometer at 50% VO, 1 h day, four times per week, for 2 months while energy balance was clamped. Metabolic fate of [d]palmitate and [1-C]oleate mixed in standard meals, total substrate use, total energy expenditure (TEE), activity energy expenditure (AEE) and key muscle proteins/enzymes were measured before and at the end of the intervention.
Conversely to lean subjects, TEE and AEE did not increase in overweight participants due to a spontaneous decrease in non-training AEE. Despite this compensatory behavior, aerobic fitness, insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation were improved by exercise training. The latter was not explained by changes in dietary fat trafficking but more likely by a coordinated response at the muscle level enhancing fat uptake, acylation and oxidation (FABPpm, CD36, FATP1, ACSL1, CPT1, mtGPAT). ACSL1 fold change positively correlated with total fasting (R=0.59, P<0.0001) and post-prandial (R=0.49, P=0.0006) fat oxidation whereas mtGPAT fold change negatively correlated with dietary palmitate oxidation (R=0.40, P=0.009), suggesting modified fat trafficking between oxidation and storage within the muscle. However, for most of the measured parameters the post-training values observed in overweight adults remained lower than the pre-training values observed in the lean subjects.
Independent of energy balance and TEE, exercise training at current recommendations improved fitness and fat oxidation in overweight adults. However the improved metabolic phenotype of overweight adults was not as healthy as the one of their lean counterparts before the 2-month training, likely due to the spontaneous reduction in non-training AEE.
肥胖是一种脂肪储存疾病。尽管运动可以防止体重增加，但对于超重成年人的慢性训练对膳食脂肪氧化的影响仍研究不足。
我们测试了在目前的指导方针下进行 2 个月的训练是否会像在久坐的瘦成年人中那样增加久坐的超重成年人的膳食脂肪氧化。
久坐的瘦（n=10）和超重（n=9）男性在自行车测力计上以 50% VO 进行训练，每天 1 小时，每周 4 次，持续 2 个月，同时保持能量平衡。在干预前后测量标准餐中混合的[d]棕榈酸和[1-C]油酸的代谢命运、总底物利用、总能量消耗（TEE）、活动能量消耗（AEE）和关键肌肉蛋白/酶。
与瘦受试者相反，由于非训练 AEE 自发减少，超重参与者的 TEE 和 AEE 没有增加。尽管存在这种代偿行为，但运动训练仍能改善有氧健身、胰岛素敏感性和脂肪氧化。后者不能用膳食脂肪转运的变化来解释，而更可能是由于肌肉水平的协调反应增强了脂肪摄取、酰化和氧化（FABPpm、CD36、FATP1、ACSL1、CPT1、mtGPAT）。ACSL1 的变化与空腹（R=0.59，P<0.0001）和餐后（R=0.49，P=0.0006）脂肪氧化呈正相关，而 mtGPAT 的变化与膳食棕榈酸氧化呈负相关（R=0.40，P=0.009），表明肌肉内脂肪氧化和储存之间的脂肪转运发生了改变。然而，对于大多数测量参数，超重成年人的训练后值仍低于瘦成年人的训练前值。
独立于能量平衡和 TEE，目前建议的运动训练可改善超重成年人的健康状况和脂肪氧化。然而，超重成年人的改善代谢表型不如他们在 2 个月训练前的瘦成年人健康，这可能是由于非训练 AEE 的自发减少所致。
