Richard Erin L, Kritz-Silverstein Donna, Laughlin Gail A, Fung Teresa T, Barrett-Connor Elizabeth, McEvoy Linda K
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Simmons College, Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;59(3):803-814. doi: 10.3233/JAD-161153.
To better understand the association of alcohol intake with cognitively healthy longevity (CHL), we explored the association between amount and frequency of alcohol intake and CHL among 1,344 older community-dwelling adults. Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaire in 1984-1987. Cognitive function was assessed in approximate four-year intervals between 1988 and 2009. Multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for multiple lifestyle and health factors, was used to examine the association between alcohol consumption and CHL (living to age 85 without cognitive impairment), survival to age 85 with cognitive impairment (MMSE score >1.5 standard deviations below expectation for age, sex, and education), or death before age 85. Most participants (88%) reported some current alcohol intake; 49% reported a moderate amount of alcohol intake, and 48% reported drinking near-daily. Relative to nondrinkers, moderate and heavy drinkers (up to 3 drinks/day for women and for men 65 years and older, up to 4 drinks/day for men under 65 years) had significantly higher adjusted odds of survival to age 85 without cognitive impairment (p's < 0.05). Near-daily drinkers had 2-3 fold higher adjusted odds of CHL versus living to at least age 85 with cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 3.49) or death before 85 (OR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.92, 5.46). Although excessive drinking has negative health consequences, these results suggest that regular, moderate drinking may play a role in cognitively healthy longevity.
为了更好地理解酒精摄入量与认知健康长寿（CHL）之间的关联，我们在1344名社区居住的老年人中探索了酒精摄入量和饮酒频率与CHL之间的关系。1984年至1987年通过问卷调查评估酒精摄入量。1988年至2009年期间，大约每四年评估一次认知功能。使用多项逻辑回归，并对多种生活方式和健康因素进行调整，以检验饮酒与CHL（活到85岁且无认知障碍）、活到85岁且有认知障碍（简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）得分比年龄、性别和教育程度预期低1.5个标准差以上）或85岁之前死亡之间的关联。大多数参与者（88%）报告目前有饮酒；49%报告饮酒量适中，48%报告几乎每天饮酒。与不饮酒者相比，适量和大量饮酒者（65岁及以上女性每天最多饮用3杯，65岁及以上男性每天最多饮用3杯，65岁以下男性每天最多饮用4杯）活到85岁且无认知障碍的校正后存活几率显著更高（p值<0.05）。与活到至少85岁且有认知障碍（优势比（OR）=2.06；95%置信区间（CI）：1.21，3.49）或85岁之前死亡（OR=3.24；95%CI：1.92，5.46）相比，几乎每天饮酒者的CHL校正后几率高出2至3倍。尽管过量饮酒会对健康产生负面影响，但这些结果表明，规律、适量饮酒可能对认知健康长寿起到作用。
