Rush T M, Kritz-Silverstein D, Laughlin G A, Fung T T, Barrett-Connor E, McEvoy L K
Toni Rush, MPH, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr MC 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail:
J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(3):276-283. doi: 10.1007/s12603-016-0766-2.
To examine the association of dietary sodium intake with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.
Cross-sectional study.
Southern California community.
White men (n=373) and women (n=552), aged 50-96 years from the Rancho Bernardo Study, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors and healthy aging.
During the 1992-1996 research clinic visit, a food frequency questionnaire was used to determine daily sodium intake; cognitive function was assessed with Trails Making Test, part B (Trails B), Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT); and medical, clinical and demographic information was obtained. Linear regression was used to assess the association between calorie-adjusted sodium intake and cognitive test scores with adjustment for demographic, behavioral and health measures. Logistic regression examined the odds of having cognitive impairment by sodium intake.
Lower sodium intake was associated with poorer performance on Trails B (p=0.008) and MMSE (p=0.003) after controlling for age, sex, and education. Associations did not differ by sex, but there was a significant interaction by age for the Trails B: older (≥80 years), but not younger, adults showed worse performance with lower sodium intake (p=0.03). Associations remained significant after additional adjustment for smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, kidney function, diuretic medication use, and diet quality. Lower daily sodium intake was associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment on the MMSE (score < 26; OR per SD decrease = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08, 1.16). Concluson: Lower sodium intake was associated with worse cognitive function in older community-dwelling adults. For the maintenance of cognitive health, older adults may be advised to avoid very low sodium diets.
研究社区居住的老年人饮食中钠摄入量与认知功能之间的关联。
横断面研究。
南加州社区。
来自兰乔贝纳多研究的50 - 96岁白人男性（n = 373）和女性（n = 552），该研究是一项关于心血管疾病危险因素和健康老龄化的纵向研究。
在1992 - 1996年的研究诊所就诊期间，使用食物频率问卷确定每日钠摄入量；用B部分连线测验（连线B）、简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）和语言流畅性测试（VFT）评估认知功能；并获取医疗、临床和人口统计学信息。采用线性回归评估经热量调整的钠摄入量与认知测试分数之间的关联，并对人口统计学、行为和健康指标进行调整。逻辑回归分析钠摄入量导致认知障碍的几率。
在控制年龄、性别和教育程度后，较低的钠摄入量与连线B（p = 0.008）和MMSE（p = 0.003）表现较差有关。关联在性别上无差异，但连线B在年龄方面存在显著交互作用：年龄较大（≥80岁）而非较年轻的成年人，钠摄入量较低时表现更差（p = 0.03）。在进一步调整吸烟、饮酒、运动、体重、心血管危险因素、肾功能、利尿剂使用和饮食质量后，关联仍然显著。较低的每日钠摄入量与MMSE上认知障碍几率增加有关（得分<26；每标准差降低的OR = 1.12，95%CI 1.08，1.16）。结论：社区居住的老年人中，较低的钠摄入量与较差的认知功能有关。为维持认知健康，可能建议老年人避免极低钠饮食。
