Uddin Shahadat, Mahmood Hana, Senarath Upul, Zahiruddin Quazi, Karn Sumit, Rasheed Sabrina, Dibley Michael
Complex Systems Research Group, Faculty of Engineering & IT, The University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia.
Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Research Network, International Research Force, Islamabad, Pakistan.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Jun 13;17(Suppl 2):405. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4337-1.
Effective public policies are needed to support appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to ensure adequate child growth and development, especially in low and middle income countries. The aim of this study was to: (i) capture stakeholder networks in relation to funding and technical support for IYCF policy across five countries in South Asia (i.e. Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan); and (ii) understand how stakeholder networks differed between countries, and identify common actors and their patterns in network engagement across the region.
The Net-Map method, which is an interview-based mapping technique to visualise and capture connections among different stakeholders that collaborate towards achieving a focused goal, has been used to map funding and technical support networks in all study sites. Our study was conducted at the national level in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, as well as in selected states or provinces in India and Pakistan during 2013-2014. We analysed the network data using a social network analysis software (NodeXL).
The number of stakeholders identified as providing technical support was higher than the number of stakeholders providing funding support, across all study sites. India (New Delhi site - national level) site had the highest number of influential stakeholders for both funding (43) and technical support (86) activities. Among all nine study sites, India (New Delhi - national level) and Sri Lanka had the highest number of participating government stakeholders (22) in their respective funding networks. Sri Lanka also had the highest number of participating government stakeholders for technical support (34) among all the study sites. Government stakeholders are more engaged in technical support activities compared with their involvement in funding activities. The United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) were highly engaged stakeholders for both funding and technical support activities across all study sites.
International stakeholders were highly involved in both the funding and technical support activities related to IYCF practices across these nine study sites. Government stakeholders received more support for funding and technical support activities from other stakeholders compared with the support that they offered. Stakeholders were, in general, more engaged for technical support activities compared with the funding activities.
需要有效的公共政策来支持适当的婴幼儿喂养（IYCF），以确保儿童的充分生长和发育，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。本研究的目的是：（i）了解南亚五个国家（即斯里兰卡、印度、尼泊尔、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦）在IYCF政策的资金和技术支持方面的利益相关者网络；（ii）了解各国利益相关者网络的差异，并确定该地区共同的行为者及其网络参与模式。
Net-Map方法是一种基于访谈的绘图技术，用于可视化和捕捉为实现一个重点目标而合作的不同利益相关者之间的联系，已被用于绘制所有研究地点的资金和技术支持网络。我们的研究于2013 - 2014年在孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔和斯里兰卡的国家层面进行，以及在印度和巴基斯坦的选定邦或省进行。我们使用社交网络分析软件（NodeXL）分析网络数据。
在所有研究地点，被确定为提供技术支持的利益相关者数量高于提供资金支持的利益相关者数量。印度（新德里站点 - 国家层面）在资金（43个）和技术支持（86个）活动方面拥有最多的有影响力的利益相关者。在所有九个研究地点中，印度（新德里 - 国家层面）和斯里兰卡各自的资金网络中参与的政府利益相关者数量最多（22个）。在所有研究地点中，斯里兰卡在技术支持方面参与的政府利益相关者数量也最多（34个）。与参与资金活动相比，政府利益相关者更多地参与技术支持活动。联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）和世界卫生组织（WHO）在所有研究地点的资金和技术支持活动中都是高度参与的利益相关者。
国际利益相关者高度参与了这九个研究地点与IYCF实践相关的资金和技术支持活动。与他们提供的支持相比，政府利益相关者在资金和技术支持活动方面从其他利益相关者那里获得了更多支持。总体而言，与资金活动相比，利益相关者更多地参与技术支持活动。
