Sweeting Alice J, Cormack Stuart J, Morgan Stuart, Aughey Robert J
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria UniversityFootscray, VIC, Australia.
Netball AustraliaFitzroy, VIC, Australia.
Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 20;8:432. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00432. eCollection 2017.
The external load of a team-sport athlete can be measured by tracking technologies, including global positioning systems (GPS), local positioning systems (LPS), and vision-based systems. These technologies allow for the calculation of displacement, velocity and acceleration during a match or training session. The accurate quantification of these variables is critical so that meaningful changes in team-sport athlete external load can be detected. High-velocity running, including sprinting, may be important for specific team-sport match activities, including evading an opponent or creating a shot on goal. Maximal accelerations are energetically demanding and frequently occur from a low velocity during team-sport matches. Despite extensive research, conjecture exists regarding the thresholds by which to classify the high velocity and acceleration activity of a team-sport athlete. There is currently no consensus on the definition of a sprint or acceleration effort, even within a single sport. The aim of this narrative review was to examine the varying velocity and acceleration thresholds reported in athlete activity profiling. The purposes of this review were therefore to (1) identify the various thresholds used to classify high-velocity or -intensity running plus accelerations; (2) examine the impact of individualized thresholds on reported team-sport activity profile; (3) evaluate the use of thresholds for court-based team-sports and; (4) discuss potential areas for future research. The presentation of velocity thresholds as a single value, with equivocal qualitative descriptors, is confusing when data lies between two thresholds. In Australian football, sprint efforts have been defined as activity >4.00 or >4.17 m·s. Acceleration thresholds differ across the literature, with >1.11, 2.78, 3.00, and 4.00 m·s utilized across a number of sports. It is difficult to compare literature on field-based sports due to inconsistencies in velocity and acceleration thresholds, even within a single sport. Velocity and acceleration thresholds have been determined from physical capacity tests. Limited research exists on the classification of velocity and acceleration data by female team-sport athletes. Alternatively, data mining techniques may be used to report team-sport athlete external load, without the requirement of arbitrary or physiologically defined thresholds.
团队运动运动员的外部负荷可以通过追踪技术来测量，包括全球定位系统（GPS）、局部定位系统（LPS）和基于视觉的系统。这些技术能够计算比赛或训练期间的位移、速度和加速度。准确量化这些变量至关重要，以便能够检测到团队运动运动员外部负荷的有意义变化。高速奔跑，包括冲刺，对于特定的团队运动比赛活动可能很重要，比如躲避对手或创造射门机会。最大加速度对能量要求很高，并且在团队运动比赛中经常从低速开始。尽管进行了广泛研究，但对于如何划分团队运动运动员的高速和加速活动的阈值仍存在争议。即使在同一项运动中，目前对于冲刺或加速努力的定义也没有达成共识。本叙述性综述的目的是研究运动员活动概况中报告的不同速度和加速度阈值。因此，本综述的目的是：（1）确定用于分类高速或高强度跑步以及加速度的各种阈值；（2）研究个性化阈值对报告的团队运动活动概况的影响；（3）评估基于场地的团队运动中阈值的使用情况；以及（4）讨论未来研究的潜在领域。当数据介于两个阈值之间时，将速度阈值表示为单个值并带有模糊的定性描述符会令人困惑。在澳大利亚足球中，冲刺努力被定义为速度大于4.00或大于4.17米·秒的活动。加速度阈值在不同文献中有所不同，在许多运动中使用的阈值有大于1.11、2.78、3.00和4.00米·秒。由于速度和加速度阈值不一致，即使在同一项运动中，也很难比较关于基于场地运动的文献。速度和加速度阈值是根据体能测试确定的。关于女子团队运动运动员对速度和加速度数据分类的研究有限。或者，可以使用数据挖掘技术来报告团队运动运动员的外部负荷，而无需任意或生理学定义的阈值。
