Calderón Díaz Julia Adriana, Diana Alessia, Boyle Laura Ann, Leonard Finola C, McElroy Máire, McGettrick Shane, Moriarty John, García Manzanilla Edgar
Pig Development Department, Teagasc Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
Department of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Magdalenka, Poland.
Porcine Health Manag. 2017 Jul 5;3:13. doi: 10.1186/s40813-017-0061-6. eCollection 2017.
Delaying pigs from advancing through the production stages could have a negative impact on their health and performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible implications of delaying pigs from the normal production flow on pig health and performance in a farrow-to-finish commercial farm with a self-declared All-In/All-Out (AIAO) management.
Three flows of pigs were defined, flow 1 (i.e. pigs that followed the normal production flow; 8 weeks in the nursery stage, 4 weeks in the growing stage and 8 weeks in the finisher stage), flow 2 (i.e. pigs delayed 1 week from advancing to the next production stage) and flow 3 (i.e. pigs delayed >1 week from advancing to the next production stage). Flow 3 included higher proportions of pigs from first parity sows and of lighter birth weights. When the 3 flows were matched by parity and birth weight, pigs in flow 2 were 3.8 times more likely to be lame prior to slaughter compared with pigs in flow 1. Similarly, pigs in flow 3 were more likely to be lame prior to slaughter, 4.5 times more likely to present pleurisy, 3.3 times more like to present pericarditis and 4.3 times more likely to have their heart condemned at slaughter compared with pigs in flow 1. Additionally, carcasses from pigs in flow 3 were 10 kg lighter compared with carcasses from pigs in flow 1.
Delayed pigs were more affected by disease and were lighter at slaughter. Besides animal welfare issues, these findings could represent considerable economic loses for pig producers. In practice, delaying pigs from the normal production flow translates into higher feeding costs, increase number of days to slaughter and increased labour requirements reducing production efficiency for the pig operation. In farrow-to-finish farms an 'all-forward' policy (i.e. no pig is left behind from stage to stage and a split marketing approach is applied when sending pigs to slaughter) might be more easily adhered to.
延迟猪进入生产阶段可能会对其健康和性能产生负面影响。本研究的目的是在一个自称采用全进全出（AIAO）管理的自繁自养商业猪场中，调查将猪从正常生产流程中延迟对猪的健康和性能可能产生的影响。
定义了三个猪群流，流1（即遵循正常生产流程的猪；保育阶段8周，生长阶段4周，育肥阶段8周），流2（即延迟1周进入下一生产阶段的猪）和流3（即延迟超过1周进入下一生产阶段的猪）。流3中来自初产母猪的猪比例更高，出生体重更轻。当按胎次和出生体重对这三个猪群流进行匹配时，与流1中的猪相比，流2中的猪在屠宰前跛足的可能性高3.8倍。同样，与流1中的猪相比，流3中的猪在屠宰前更有可能跛足，患胸膜炎的可能性高4.5倍，患心包炎的可能性高3.3倍，心脏在屠宰时被判不合格的可能性高4.3倍。此外，流3中猪的胴体比流1中猪的胴体轻10千克。
延迟的猪受疾病影响更大，屠宰时体重更轻。除了动物福利问题外，这些发现可能给养猪生产者带来相当大的经济损失。在实际操作中，将猪从正常生产流程中延迟会导致饲养成本增加、屠宰天数增加以及劳动力需求增加，从而降低养猪场的生产效率。在自繁自养猪场中，“全推进”政策（即每阶段不留猪，并在送猪屠宰时采用分批销售方式）可能更容易遵守。
