Ratan Zubair Ahmed, Zaman Sojib Bin, Mehta Varshil, Haidere Mohammad Faisal, Runa Nusrat Jahan, Akter Nasrin
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh.
Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.
Cureus. 2017 Jun 9;9(6):e1325. doi: 10.7759/cureus.1325.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a macromolecule recognition technique, which is considered as a new advent in the field of cytology. Initially, it was developed as a physical mapping tool to delineate genes within chromosomes. The accuracy and versatility of FISH were subsequently capitalized upon in biological and medical research. This visually appealing technique provides an intermediate degree of resolution between DNA analysis and chromosomal investigations. FISH consists of a hybridizing DNA probe, which can be labeled directly or indirectly. In the case of direct labeling, fluorescent nucleotides are used, while indirect labeling is incorporated with reporter molecules that are subsequently detected by fluorescent antibodies or other affinity molecules. FISH is applied to detect genetic abnormalities that include different characteristic gene fusions or the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell or loss of a chromosomal region or a whole chromosome. It is also applied in different research applications, such as gene mapping or the identification of novel oncogenes. This article reviews the concept of FISH, its application, and its advantages in medical science.
荧光原位杂交（FISH）是一种大分子识别技术，被认为是细胞学领域的一项新进展。最初，它是作为一种物理图谱工具开发的，用于描绘染色体中的基因。随后，FISH的准确性和多功能性在生物学和医学研究中得到了利用。这种视觉上吸引人的技术在DNA分析和染色体研究之间提供了中等程度的分辨率。FISH由一个杂交DNA探针组成，该探针可以直接或间接标记。在直接标记的情况下，使用荧光核苷酸，而间接标记则与报告分子结合，随后通过荧光抗体或其他亲和分子进行检测。FISH用于检测遗传异常，包括不同特征性的基因融合、细胞中染色体数量异常、染色体区域缺失或整条染色体缺失。它还应用于不同的研究应用，如基因图谱绘制或新型癌基因的鉴定。本文综述了FISH的概念、其应用及其在医学中的优势。
