Beaulieu Kristine, Hopkins Mark, Long Cecilia, Blundell John, Finlayson Graham
1School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM; and 2School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Nov;49(11):2268-2275. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001368.
Evidence suggests that homeostatic satiety signaling is enhanced with higher levels of physical activity (PA), with active individuals demonstrating an improved ability to compensate for previous energy intake (EI). However, prior studies lacked objective assessment of both PA level and EI. This study examined the effect of objectively measured PA level on homeostatic (energy compensation) and hedonic (liking and wanting) responses to high-energy (HEP), low-energy (LEP), and control preloads.
Thirty-four nonobese individuals were grouped by tertiles of accelerometry-measured habitual moderate-to-vigorous PA (low, LoMVPA; moderate, ModMVPA; high, HiMVPA), similar in age, sex, and body mass index. After a preliminary assessment, EI (fixed-energy breakfast and ad libitum lunch, dinner, and evening snack box meals) was determined for three probe meal days in which preloads varying in energy content (HEP, 699 kcal; LEP, 258 kcal; control, 0 kcal) were consumed before the lunch meal. Liking and wanting were assessed before and after preload consumption (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire), and appetite ratings were taken throughout the day.
Relative to control, EI at lunch was reduced to a greater extent after consumption of HEP compared with LEP in ModMVPA (P < 0.01) and HiMVPA (P = 0.01) but not LoMVPA (P = 0.59), reflecting more accurate energy compensation in HiMVPA and ModMVPA. There were no effects on cumulative EI after preload consumption of (lunch, dinner, and snack box combined). HEP led to a greater suppression of hunger, liking, and wanting compared with LEP in all MVPA tertiles.
Nonobese individuals with lower levels of measured PA were insensitive to the nutritional manipulation of the preloads, suggesting a weaker satiety response to food. This study provides objective evidence that higher habitual PA improves acute homeostatic appetite control.
有证据表明，随着身体活动（PA）水平的提高，体内稳态饱腹感信号会增强，活跃个体在补偿先前能量摄入（EI）方面表现出更强的能力。然而，以往的研究缺乏对PA水平和EI的客观评估。本研究探讨了客观测量的PA水平对高能量（HEP）、低能量（LEP）和对照预负荷的体内稳态（能量补偿）和享乐（喜好和欲望）反应的影响。
34名非肥胖个体按加速度计测量的习惯性中度至剧烈PA的三分位数分组（低，低中度至剧烈PA；中，中度至剧烈PA；高，高中度至剧烈PA），年龄、性别和体重指数相似。经过初步评估后，在三个测试餐日确定EI（固定能量早餐和午餐、晚餐及晚间零食随意进食），在午餐前食用能量含量不同的预负荷（HEP，699千卡；LEP，258千卡；对照，0千卡）。在预负荷食用前后评估喜好和欲望（利兹食物偏好问卷），并全天进行食欲评分。
与对照相比，在中度至剧烈PA组（P<0.01）和高中度至剧烈PA组（P=0.01）中，食用HEP后午餐时的EI相对于LEP降低幅度更大，但在低中度至剧烈PA组中未出现这种情况（P=0.59），这反映出高中度至剧烈PA组和中度至剧烈PA组的能量补偿更准确。预负荷食用后（午餐、晚餐和零食组合）对累积EI没有影响。在所有中度至剧烈PA三分位数中，与LEP相比，HEP对饥饿、喜好和欲望产生了更大的抑制作用。
测量的PA水平较低的非肥胖个体对预负荷的营养操纵不敏感，表明对食物的饱腹感反应较弱。本研究提供了客观证据，即较高的习惯性PA可改善急性体内稳态食欲控制。
