Urbanek Aneta K, Rymowicz Waldemar, Strzelecki Mateusz C, Kociuba Waldemar, Franczak Łukasz, Mirończuk Aleksandra M
Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137, Wrocław, Poland.
AMB Express. 2017 Dec;7(1):148. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0448-4. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
The increasing amount of plastic waste causes significant environmental pollution. In this study, screening of Arctic microorganisms which are able to degrade bioplastics was performed. In total, 313 microorganisms were isolated from 52 soil samples from the Arctic region (Spitsbergen). Among the isolated microorganisms, 121 (38.66%) showed biodegradation activity. The ability of clear zone formation on emulsified poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) was observed for 116 microorganisms (95.87%), on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) for 73 microorganisms (60.33%), and on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) for 102 microorganisms (84.3%). Moreover, the growth of microorganisms on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) agar plates was observed for 56 microorganisms (46.28%). Based on the 16S rRNA sequence, 10 bacterial strains which showed the highest ability for biodegradation were identified as species belonging to Pseudomonas sp. and Rhodococcus sp. The isolated fungal strains were tested for polycaprolactone films and commercial corn and potato starch bags degradation under laboratory conditions. Strains 16G (based on the analysis of a partial 18S rRNA sequence, identified as Clonostachys rosea) and 16H (identified as Trichoderma sp.) showed the highest capability for biodegradation. A particularly high capability for biodegradation was observed for the strain Clonostachys rosea, which showed 100% degradation of starch films and 52.91% degradation of PCL films in a 30-day shake flask experiment. The main advantage of the microorganisms isolated from Arctic environment is the ability to grow at low temperature and efficient biodegradation under this condition. The data suggest that C. rosea can be used in natural and laboratory conditions for degradations of bioplastics.
塑料垃圾数量的不断增加导致了严重的环境污染。在本研究中，对能够降解生物塑料的北极微生物进行了筛选。总共从北极地区（斯瓦尔巴群岛）的52个土壤样本中分离出313种微生物。在分离出的微生物中，121种（38.66%）表现出生物降解活性。观察到116种微生物（95.87%）对乳化聚（丁二酸丁二醇酯 - 共 - 己二酸酯）（PBSA）有形成透明圈的能力，73种微生物（60.33%）对聚（丁二酸丁二醇酯）（PBS）有此能力，102种微生物（84.3%）对聚（ε - 己内酯）（PCL）有此能力。此外，观察到56种微生物（46.28%）在聚乳酸（PLA）琼脂平板上生长。基于16S rRNA序列，鉴定出10株生物降解能力最强的细菌菌株属于假单胞菌属和红球菌属。对分离出的真菌菌株在实验室条件下进行了聚己内酯薄膜以及商业玉米和土豆淀粉袋降解测试。菌株16G（基于部分18S rRNA序列分析，鉴定为粉红粘帚霉）和16H（鉴定为木霉属）表现出最高的生物降解能力。在30天的摇瓶实验中，粉红粘帚霉菌株表现出特别高的生物降解能力，其对淀粉薄膜的降解率为100%，对PCL薄膜的降解率为52.91%。从北极环境分离出的微生物的主要优势在于能够在低温下生长并在此条件下进行高效生物降解。数据表明，粉红粘帚霉可用于自然和实验室条件下生物塑料的降解。
