Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(14):2410-2429. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170711131353.
Cellulose being the first abundant biopolymers in nature has many fascinating properties, including low-cost, good biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility, which made cellulose a real potential material to create nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDS). This review aims to present and discuss some remarkable recent advances on the drug delivery applications of cellulosebased prodrugs and nanoparticles.
By searching the research literatures over last decade, a variety featured studies on cellulosebased nano-DDS were summarized and divided into prodrugs, prodrug nanoparticles, solid or derivative nanopartilces, amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles, and polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles. Various methods employed for the functionalization, pharmacodynamic actions and applications were described and discussed.
Many types of cellulose-based nano-DDS can ensure efficient encapsulation of various drugs and then overcome the free drug molecule shortcomings. Among all the method described, cellulosebased amphiphilic nanoparticles are most frequently used. These formulations have the higher drug loading capability, a simple and flexible way to achieve multi-functional. Apart from hydrophilic or hydrophobic modification, cellulose or its derivatives can form nanoparticles with different small molecules and macromolecules, leading to a large spectrum of cellulose-based nano-DDS and providing some unexpected advantages.
Thorough physicochemical characterization and profound understanding of interactions of the cellulose-based nano-DDS with cells and tissues is indispensable. Moreover, studies toward technics parameter optimization and scale up from the laboratory to production level should be undertaken. The development of intravenous and orally applicable cellulose-based nano-DDS will be an important research area, and these systems will have more commercial status in the market.
纤维素是自然界中第一种丰富的生物聚合物，具有许多迷人的特性，包括低成本、良好的生物降解性和优异的生物相容性，这使得纤维素成为制造纳米药物传递系统（nano-DDS）的真正潜在材料。本综述旨在介绍和讨论纤维素基前药和纳米颗粒在药物传递应用方面的一些显著的最新进展。
通过搜索过去十年的研究文献，对基于纤维素的纳米 DDS 的各种特色研究进行了总结，并分为前药、前药纳米颗粒、固体或衍生纳米颗粒、两亲性共聚物纳米颗粒和聚电解质复合物纳米颗粒。描述和讨论了用于功能化、药效学作用和应用的各种方法。
许多类型的纤维素基纳米 DDS 可以确保有效包封各种药物，从而克服游离药物分子的缺点。在所描述的所有方法中，基于纤维素的两亲性纳米颗粒最常被使用。这些制剂具有更高的载药能力，是实现多功能的简单灵活的方法。除了亲水或疏水修饰外，纤维素或其衍生物还可以与不同的小分子和大分子形成纳米颗粒，从而产生广泛的纤维素基纳米 DDS，并提供一些意想不到的优势。
对纤维素基纳米 DDS 与细胞和组织的相互作用进行彻底的物理化学特性分析和深入了解是必不可少的。此外，应该进行从实验室到生产水平的工艺参数优化和放大的研究。静脉内和口服应用的纤维素基纳米 DDS 的开发将是一个重要的研究领域，这些系统在市场上将具有更多的商业地位。
