Sabir Fakhara, Zeeshan Mahira, Laraib Ushna, Barani Mahmood, Rahdar Abbas, Cucchiarini Magali, Pandey Sadanand
Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Jul 6;13(14):3396. doi: 10.3390/cancers13143396.
The rapid development of multidrug co-delivery and nano-medicines has made spontaneous progress in tumor treatment and diagnosis. DNA is a unique biological molecule that can be tailored and molded into various nanostructures. The addition of ligands or stimuli-responsive elements enables DNA nanostructures to mediate highly targeted drug delivery to the cancer cells. Smart DNA nanostructures, owing to their various shapes, sizes, geometry, sequences, and characteristics, have various modes of cellular internalization and final disposition. On the other hand, functionalized DNA nanocarriers have specific receptor-mediated uptake, and most of these ligand anchored nanostructures able to escape lysosomal degradation. DNA-based and stimuli responsive nano-carrier systems are the latest advancement in cancer targeting. The data exploration from various studies demonstrated that the DNA nanostructure and stimuli responsive drug delivery systems are perfect tools to overcome the problems existing in the cancer treatment including toxicity and compromised drug efficacy. In this light, the review summarized the insights about various types of DNA nanostructures and stimuli responsive nanocarrier systems applications for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
多药共递送和纳米药物的快速发展在肿瘤治疗与诊断方面取得了自然进展。DNA是一种独特的生物分子，能够被定制并塑造成各种纳米结构。配体或刺激响应元件的加入使DNA纳米结构能够介导药物高度靶向递送至癌细胞。智能DNA纳米结构因其多样的形状、尺寸、几何结构、序列和特性，具有多种细胞内化和最终处置模式。另一方面，功能化的DNA纳米载体具有特定的受体介导摄取，并且这些大多数配体锚定的纳米结构能够逃避溶酶体降解。基于DNA和刺激响应的纳米载体系统是癌症靶向治疗的最新进展。来自各种研究的数据探索表明，DNA纳米结构和刺激响应药物递送系统是克服癌症治疗中存在的包括毒性和药物疗效受损等问题的完美工具。有鉴于此，本综述总结了关于各种类型DNA纳米结构和刺激响应纳米载体系统在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用见解。
