Sohrab Sayed Sartaj, Suhail Mohd, Kamal Mohammad A, Husen Azamal, Azhar Esam I
Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia.
King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia.
Curr Drug Metab. 2017;18(9):831-841. doi: 10.2174/1389200218666170711121810.
Growing world population and continuous disease emergence have invited the development of more efficient new vaccines against a range of diseases. Conventional vaccines are being wildly used in the world but their production requires higher cost, more time and better infrastructure. Thus, the idea of plant-based edible vaccine technology has emerged and showed promising results with strong and effective protection against many diseases. Plants have been utilized since more than two decades as pharmaceuticals against many diseases.
Plant-based technology has great potential to express genes and produce clinically important compounds in the desired tissue. Plant biotechnology has played important role in the production of pharmaceutical compounds like vaccines, antibodies, antigens, sub-units, growth hormones and enzymes by utilizing genetic modification. It has also been opened a new approach for developing an edible vaccine as an oral delivery.
Edible vaccines have been shown to induce both mucosal as well as systemic immunity. Currently, many pharmaceuticals proteins as an edible vaccine have been developed in different plant expression systems and evaluated against various life-threatening diseases and some of them have reached advanced phase of the clinical trial and exhibited promising results.
In this review, we have discussed about the molecular pharming, edible vaccines, plant base technology and current status of developed edible vaccines in the different plant tissue expression system, mechanism of action and clinical applications with clinical trials stage, significance, requirements, advantage and disadvantage of edible vaccines.
世界人口的增长和新疾病的不断出现促使人们研发针对一系列疾病的更高效新型疫苗。传统疫苗在全球广泛使用，但其生产需要更高成本、更多时间和更好的基础设施。因此，基于植物的可食用疫苗技术应运而生，并在预防多种疾病方面展现出强大而有效的保护作用，取得了令人鼓舞的成果。二十多年来，植物一直被用作治疗多种疾病的药物。
基于植物的技术在所需组织中表达基因和生产临床重要化合物方面具有巨大潜力。植物生物技术通过基因改造在生产疫苗、抗体、抗原、亚基、生长激素和酶等药物化合物方面发挥了重要作用。它还为开发口服可食用疫苗开辟了一条新途径。
可食用疫苗已被证明能诱导黏膜免疫和全身免疫。目前，许多作为可食用疫苗的药物蛋白已在不同的植物表达系统中开发出来，并针对各种危及生命的疾病进行了评估，其中一些已进入临床试验后期并展现出良好效果。
在本综述中，我们讨论了分子制药、可食用疫苗、基于植物的技术以及不同植物组织表达系统中已开发的可食用疫苗的现状、作用机制和临床试验阶段的临床应用、意义、要求、优势和劣势。
