The Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052, Australia.
Trina Solar , No.2 Trina Road, Trina PV Industrial Park, Xinbei District, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213031, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017 Aug 2;9(30):25073-25081. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b07625. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone rapid progress. However, unstable performance caused by sensitivity to environmental moisture and high temperature is a major impediment to commercialization of PSCs. In the present work, a low-temperature, glass-glass encapsulation technique using high performance polyisobutylene (PIB) as the moisture barrier is investigated on planar glass/FTO/TiO/FAPbI/PTAA/gold perovskite solar cells. PIB was applied as either an edge seal or blanket layer. Electrical connections to the encapsulated PSCs were provided by either the FTO or Au layers. Results of a "calcium test" demonstrated that a PIB edge-seal effectively prevents moisture ingress. A shelf life test was performed and the PIB-sealed PSC was stable for at least 200 days. Damp heat and thermal cycling tests, in compliance with IEC61215:2016, were used to evaluate different encapsulation methods. Current-voltage measurements were performed regularly under simulated AM1.5G sunlight to monitor changes in PCE. The best results we have achieved to date maintained the initial efficiency after 540 h of damp heat testing and 200 thermal cycles. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these are among the best damp heat and thermal cycle test results for perovskite solar cells published to date. Given the modest performance of the cells (8% averaged from forward and reverse scans) especially with the more challenging FAPbI perovskite material tested in this work, it is envisaged that better stability results can be further achieved when higher performance perovskite solar cells are encapsulated using the PIB packaging techniques developed in this work. We propose that heat rather than moisture was the main cause of our PSC degradation. Furthermore, we propose that preventing the escape of volatile decomposition products from the perovskite solar cell materials is the key for stability. PIB encapsulation is a very promising packaging solution for perovskite solar cells, given its demonstrated effectiveness, ease of application, low application temperature, and low cost.
金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）取得了快速发展。然而，对环境湿度和高温敏感导致的不稳定性能仍是 PSCs 实现商业化的主要障碍。在本工作中，研究了使用高性能聚异丁烯（PIB）作为防潮层的低温玻璃-玻璃封装技术在平面玻璃/FTO/TiO/FAPbI/PTAA/金钙钛矿太阳能电池上的应用。PIB 用作边缘密封或覆盖层。封装后的 PSCs 的电连接由 FTO 或 Au 层提供。“钙测试”的结果表明，PIB 边缘密封可有效防止水分进入。进行了货架寿命测试，PIB 密封的 PSC 至少稳定 200 天。根据 IEC61215:2016 进行了湿热和热循环测试，以评估不同的封装方法。定期在模拟 AM1.5G 阳光下进行电流-电压测量，以监测 PCE 的变化。到目前为止，我们取得的最佳结果是在 540 小时湿热测试和 200 次热循环后保持初始效率。据作者所知，这是迄今为止发表的钙钛矿太阳能电池湿热和热循环测试结果中最好的结果之一。考虑到电池的性能适中（特别是在本工作中测试的更具挑战性的 FAPbI 钙钛矿材料的情况下），预计使用本工作中开发的 PIB 封装技术封装性能更高的钙钛矿太阳能电池可以进一步获得更好的稳定性结果。我们提出热而不是湿气是导致我们的 PSC 降解的主要原因。此外，我们提出防止挥发性分解产物从钙钛矿太阳能电池材料中逸出是稳定性的关键。鉴于 PIB 封装的有效性、易于应用、低应用温度和低成本，它是钙钛矿太阳能电池非常有前途的封装解决方案。
