Witteveen Dirk, Attewell Paul
The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Sociology Department, 365 Fifth Avenue, Room 6112.04, New York, NY 10016, United States.
Soc Sci Res. 2017 Aug;66:154-169. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
Studies relating the selectivity of colleges to the earnings of their graduates report inconsistent findings. Some find no effects; most report statistically significant but quite small earnings benefits from attending a more selective college; and a few studies report large effects. Analyzing two recent national longitudinal studies of college graduates, with models sensitive to selection bias, we find large earnings payoffs from attending a highly selective college both four and ten years after graduation. However, those returns are uneven: full-time working women graduates earn a lot less than their male counterparts from equivalent colleges, college majors pay differently, and family background also affects earnings over and above one's college's selectivity. Nevertheless, earnings differences attributable to college selectivity are striking.
关于大学的选择性与其毕业生收入之间关系的研究报告结果并不一致。一些研究发现没有影响；大多数研究报告称，就读选择性更高的大学在统计上有显著但相当小的收入优势；还有一些研究报告称有很大影响。通过对两项近期针对大学毕业生的全国性纵向研究进行分析，并采用对选择偏差敏感的模型，我们发现毕业后四年和十年，就读高度选择性的大学都能带来巨大的收入回报。然而，这些回报并不均衡：全职工作的女性毕业生比同等大学的男性毕业生收入少很多，大学专业的收入也有所不同，而且家庭背景对收入的影响超过了所在大学的选择性。尽管如此，因大学选择性导致的收入差异还是很显著的。
