School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31;607-608:600-612. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.269. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
This article is the first in a series of two papers. Paper I focuses on model conceptualization and development, and Paper II in the series focuses on model validation and implementation. The amount of water reuse has been increasing across the globe. Wastewater can be treated based on the intended end use of reclaimed water. Fit-for-purpose wastewater treatment (WWT) simultaneously considers intended end use, economic viability, and environmental sustainability. WWT technologies differ mainly in terms of treatment efficiency, cost, energy use, and associated carbon emissions. The planning and evaluation of water reuse projects requires a decision support tool (DST) to evaluate alternative WWT trains and water reuse applications. However, such a DST is not available in the publically accessible literature. A DST, FitWater, has been developed for the evaluation of WWT for various urban reuses. The evaluation is based on the following criteria: amount of reclaimed water production, health risk of water reuse, cost, energy use, and carbon emissions. The cost is estimated as annualized life cycle cost and health risk is estimated using quantitative microbial risk assessment. The uncertainty analysis has been performed using probabilistic and fuzzy-based methods. A multi-criteria decision analysis, using fuzzy weighted average, is employed to aggregate different criteria and generate a final score. FitWater ranks alternative WWT trains based on the resulting final score. The proposed FitWater DST is user-friendly, and its application is demonstrated using an example. The DST can be enhanced to include additional treatment technologies and carbon emissions of different treatment processes.
本文是两篇论文系列中的第一篇。论文 I 侧重于模型概念化和开发，而本系列中的论文 II 则侧重于模型验证和实施。全球的水资源再利用率一直在增加。可以根据再生水的预期用途对废水进行处理。适合用途的废水处理（WWT）同时考虑预期用途、经济可行性和环境可持续性。WWT 技术的主要区别在于处理效率、成本、能源使用和相关碳排放。水再利用项目的规划和评估需要决策支持工具（DST）来评估替代的 WWT 列车和水再利用应用。然而，此类 DST 在公共文献中不可用。已经开发了一种用于评估各种城市再利用的 WWT 的 DST，称为 FitWater。评估基于以下标准：再生水的产量、水再利用的健康风险、成本、能源使用和碳排放。成本估算为年度化生命周期成本，健康风险使用定量微生物风险评估进行估算。不确定性分析使用概率和模糊方法进行。使用模糊加权平均值的多准则决策分析用于聚合不同的标准并生成最终分数。FitWater 根据最终得分对替代的 WWT 列车进行排名。所提出的 FitWater DST 用户友好，并且使用示例演示了其应用。该 DST 可以增强以包括其他处理技术和不同处理过程的碳排放。
