Institute for Science, Innovation and Society, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, UK.
Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2018 Aug;24(4):1161-1179. doi: 10.1007/s11948-017-9940-0. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
In recent years there have been major shifts in how the role of science-and scientists-are understood. The critical examination of scientific expertise within the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) are increasingly eroding notions of the "otherness" of scientists. It would seem to suggest that anyone can be a scientist-when provided with the appropriate training and access to data. In contrast, however, ethnographic evidence from the scientific community tells a different story. Scientists are quick to recognize that not everyone can-or should-be a scientist. Appealing to notions such as "good hands" or "gut feelings", scientists narrate a distinction between good and bad scientists that cannot be reduced to education, access, or opportunity. The key to good science requires scientists to express an intuitive feeling for their discipline, but also that individuals derive considerable personal satisfaction from their work. Discussing this personal joy in-and "fittingness" of-scientific occupations using the fields of STS, ethics and science policy is highly problematic. In this paper we turn to theology discourse to analyze the notion of "callings" as a means of understanding this issue. Callings highlight the identification and examination of individual talents to determine fit occupations for specific persons. Framing science as a calling represents a novel view of research that places the talents and dispositions of individuals and their relationship to the community at the center of flourishing practices.
近年来，人们对科学和科学家角色的理解发生了重大转变。科学技术研究领域（STS）对科学专业知识的批判性审视，正在逐渐削弱科学家“他者性”的观念。这似乎表明，只要提供适当的培训和数据访问，任何人都可以成为科学家。然而，来自科学界的民族志证据却讲述了一个不同的故事。科学家们很快就认识到，并非每个人都能——或者应该——成为科学家。他们援引“好手”或“直觉”等概念，描述了好科学家和坏科学家之间的区别，这种区别不能简化为教育、机会或机会。好科学的关键是要求科学家对自己的学科表现出一种直观的感觉，同时也要求个人从工作中获得极大的个人满足感。用 STS、伦理学和科学政策领域来讨论这种个人的科学职业的快乐和“适合性”是非常有问题的。在本文中，我们转向神学话语来分析“使命感”的概念，以此来理解这个问题。使命感强调对个人才能的识别和检验，以确定适合特定个人的职业。将科学视为一种使命感，代表了一种新颖的研究观点，它将个人的才能和倾向及其与社区的关系置于繁荣实践的中心。
