Zhang Yuqiao, Yan Xiaohui, Shen Xueliang, Liu Ming, Zhou Yu, He Jiao, Zhang Ning, Chen Baoli, Yang Fengxia, Ma Ruixia
The Second Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical Universit，Yinchuan，750001，China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery，General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University.
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023 Jul;37(7):562-569. doi: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.07.010.
To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Ningxia, and provide theoretical data for the prevention and treatment of AR in this region. A total of 1664 patients diagnosed with AR in the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Yinchuan First People's Hospital Outpatient Clinic from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Use the allergen sIgE antibody detection kit （immunoblotting method） to detect inhalation and ingestion allergens in patients.Results: ①Among all AR patients, 1 158 cases were detected positive, resulting in the detection rate was 69.59%; ②The detection rate of inhalation allergen was 65.87%, and the detection rate of ingestion allergen was 19.83%; ③Mugwort was the most sensitive allergen, and 76.32% of the patients having a positive grade ≥3; ④Out of the patients, 294 cases （25.39%） were allergic to only one allergen, 244 cases （21.07%） were allergic to two allergens, and 620 cases （53.54%） were allergic to three or more allergens; ⑤During different seasons, the highest number of positive allergens detected was in the summer, with 968 cases （83.59%）. Mugwort was the main allergen during this season （69.01%）. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the total positive rate of sIgE tests in AR patients decreased compared to before, and the difference was statistically significant （<0.001）; ⑥Mugwort, dog epithelium, mold combination, egg, peanut, soybean, Marine fish combination and fruit combination all showed statistically significant differences between different gender groups （<0.05）; ⑦Common ragweed, mugwort, dust mite combination, cockroach, egg, milk, Marine fish combination, shrimp, fruit combination and nut combination all showed statistically significant differences among different age groups （<0.05）; ⑧There were statistically significant differences in hay dust among different ethnic groups （<0.05）. Artemisia argyi is the main allergen in Ningxia, and the distribution characteristics of different allergens are influenced by treatment season, the COVID-19 epidemic, gender, age, ethnicity, and other factors, showing certain distribution patterns and rules.
为调查宁夏地区变应性鼻炎（AR）患者变应原的分布情况，为该地区AR的防治提供理论依据。回顾性收集2018年1月至2021年12月在银川市第一人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊确诊为AR的1664例患者。采用变应原特异性免疫球蛋白E（sIgE）抗体检测试剂盒（免疫印迹法）检测患者的吸入性和食入性变应原。结果：①在所有AR患者中，1158例检测为阳性，检出率为69.59%；②吸入性变应原的检出率为65.87%，食入性变应原的检出率为19.83%；③艾蒿是最敏感的变应原，76.32%的患者阳性分级≥3级；④患者中，294例（25.39%）仅对1种变应原过敏，244例（21.07%）对2种变应原过敏，620例（53.54%）对3种及以上变应原过敏；⑤在不同季节中，夏季检出的变应原阳性数最多，为968例（83.59%）。该季节主要变应原是艾蒿（69.01%）。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情后，AR患者sIgE检测的总阳性率较疫情前有所下降，差异有统计学意义（<0.001）；⑥艾蒿、狗上皮、霉菌组合、鸡蛋、花生、大豆、海鱼组合和水果组合在不同性别组间均有统计学差异（<0.05）；⑦豚草、艾蒿、尘螨组合、蟑螂、鸡蛋、牛奶、海鱼组合、虾、水果组合和坚果组合在不同年龄组间均有统计学差异（<0.05）；⑧不同民族间在干草尘方面有统计学差异（<0.05）。艾蒿是宁夏地区的主要变应原，不同变应原的分布特征受治疗季节、新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情、性别、年龄、民族等因素影响，呈现出一定的分布规律。
