College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94952, USA.
College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94952, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2018 Jun;14(6):581-588. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.005. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
The roles of pharmacy technicians are increasingly prominent given pharmacy's transition to patient-centered activities and evolving scopes of practice in many U.S. states and throughout the world.
The aims of this study were to assess U.S. pharmacy technicians' self-efficacies for and attitudes toward performing current and emerging roles in hospital and in community pharmacy and to identify factors related to pharmacy technician self-efficacies in these roles.
A total of 5000 pharmacy technicians from 8 U.S. states were sent an electronic survey eliciting data on current involvement, self-efficacies, and attitudes for practicing in an expansive list of practice activities. The 8 states from which the sample was drawn were selected from a stratified randomized procedure using U.S. Census Bureau geographically defined regions. Pre-notification and response reminders were employed. Data were analyzed descriptively and with univariate, inferential tests, as appropriate, to determine associations with commitment, practice environment, experience level, and other variables.
Of the 612 participants who responded, 494 were currently working as a technician and not enrolled in a PharmD program of study. Participants reported various activities in which they were highly engaged. Overall, attitudes toward performing most of the activities and self-efficacies were quite favorable, even for those activities in which technicians were currently less involved. There were some notable differences between technicians practicing in community versus hospital settings. Years of experience, profession commitment, and advanced employee ranking were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy, overall.
This initial examination of pharmacy technician self-efficacies identified areas that along with other factors could help employers with further expanding technician practice activities and vocational institutions with considerations for education and development of these key members of the workforce. The results would suggest technicians to be ready for continued evolution in their practice.
鉴于药学向以患者为中心的活动转变以及在美国许多州和世界各地实践范围的不断发展，药剂师技术员的角色越来越重要。
本研究旨在评估美国药剂师技术员在医院和社区药房中执行当前和新兴角色的自我效能感和态度，并确定与这些角色中的药剂师技术员自我效能感相关的因素。
从美国 8 个州向 5000 名药剂师技术员发送了一份电子调查，该调查收集了关于当前参与情况、自我效能感和对广泛实践活动的态度的数据。从美国人口普查局地理定义的区域中使用分层随机程序选择了抽样的 8 个州。采用预通知和回复提醒。使用描述性和单变量分析（如适当）进行数据分析，以确定与承诺、实践环境、经验水平和其他变量的关联。
在 612 名回应的参与者中，有 494 名目前作为技术员工作，且未参加药学博士课程。参与者报告了他们高度参与的各种活动。总体而言，对于大多数活动的态度和自我效能感都相当积极，即使对于那些技术员目前参与较少的活动也是如此。在社区与医院环境中执业的技术员之间存在一些显著差异。工作年限、专业承诺和高级员工排名与整体自我效能感较高相关。
对药剂师技术员自我效能感的初步研究确定了一些领域，这些领域以及其他因素可以帮助雇主进一步扩展技术员的实践活动，也可以帮助职业院校考虑这些劳动力的关键成员的教育和发展。结果表明，技术员已经准备好迎接实践的持续演变。
