Department of Nursing and Nutrition, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, c/ Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment II, School of Psychology. Campus de Somosaguas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Mar;63(2):357-364. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03268-9. Epub 2023 Nov 4.
In the field of health sciences gender is often confused with biological sex (male/female) or reduced to a dichotomous classification (masculinity/femininity). The concepts of sex and gender interact with each other, but they are not equivalent. According to Sandra Bem four gender typologies can be established (androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated). A relationship has been shown to exist between gender and health. Yet, there is little evidence as to the relationship between gender typologies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this research is to evaluate the association between Bem's gender typologies and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Bem's gender typologies were the main variables. Sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index (BMI) and obesity were analyzed as covariates.
Multilevel multivariate analysis showed that androgynous typology was associated with increased adherence to Mediterranean diet (β = 0.46 (SE 0.21), p = 0.033), adjusting by covariates, in a university population in Spain. Moreover, this was not the case with masculinity or femininity typologies.
Thus, the results of this study suggest (1) that androgynous typology is not only associated with better mental health but also with healthy/healthier lifestyles, and (2) the complexity of the relationship between sex-gender and health would advise researchers avoid dichotomies such as male/female or masculinity/femininity.
在健康科学领域，性别经常与生物性别（男/女）混淆，或简化为二分法分类（男性化/女性化）。性别和性别的概念相互作用，但并不等同。根据 Sandra Bem，可以建立四种性别类型（雌雄同体、男性化、女性化和未分化）。已经证明性别与健康之间存在关系。然而，关于性别类型与遵循地中海饮食之间的关系，证据很少。本研究旨在评估 Bem 的性别类型与遵循地中海饮食之间的关系。
地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS）和 Bem 的性别类型是主要变量。性别、年龄、社会经济地位（SES）、体重指数（BMI）和肥胖被分析为协变量。
多层次多元分析表明，在西班牙一所大学的人群中，在调整了协变量后，雌雄同体类型与地中海饮食的依从性增加有关（β=0.46（SE 0.21），p=0.033）。此外，男性化或女性化类型并非如此。
因此，这项研究的结果表明：（1）雌雄同体类型不仅与更好的心理健康有关，而且与更健康/更健康的生活方式有关；（2）性-性别与健康之间的关系的复杂性建议研究人员避免使用男性/女性或男性化/女性化等二分法。
