Vientós-Plotts Aida I, Ericsson Aaron C, Rindt Hansjorg, Reinero Carol R
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jul 11;8:1287. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01287. eCollection 2017.
Probiotics have been advocated as a novel therapeutic approach to respiratory disease, but knowledge of how oral administration of probiotics influences the respiratory microbiota is needed. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of bacterial DNA our objective was to determine whether oral probiotics changed the composition of the upper and lower airway, rectal, and blood microbiota. We hypothesized that oral probiotics would modulate the respiratory microbiota in healthy cats, demonstrated by the detection and/or increased relative abundance of the probiotic bacterial species and altered composition of the microbial population in the respiratory tract. Six healthy young research cats had oropharyngeal (OP), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), rectal, and blood samples collected at baseline and 4 weeks after receiving oral probiotics. 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries were sequenced, and coverage, richness, and relative abundance of representative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined. Hierarchical and principal component analyses (PCA) demonstrated relatedness of samples. Mean microbial richness significantly increased only in the upper and lower airways. The number of probiotic OTUs (out of 5 total) that significantly increased in relative abundance vs. baseline was 5 in OP, 3 in BAL and 2 in feces. Using hierarchical clustering, BALF and blood samples grouped together after probiotic administration, and PERMANOVA supported that these two sites underwent significant changes in microbial composition. PERMANOVA revealed that OP and rectal samples had microbial population compositions that did not significantly change. These findings were visualized via PCA, which revealed distinct microbiomes in each site; samples clustered more tightly at baseline and had more variation after probiotic administration. This is the first study describing the effect of oral probiotics on the respiratory microbiota via detection of probiotic species in the airways. Finding bacterial species present in the oral probiotics in the upper and lower airways provides pilot data suggesting that oral probiotics could serve as a tool to target dysbiosis occurring in inflammatory airway diseases such as feline asthma, a disease in which cats serve as an important comparative and translational model for humans.
益生菌已被倡导作为一种治疗呼吸道疾病的新方法，但我们需要了解口服益生菌如何影响呼吸道微生物群。我们的目标是通过对细菌DNA进行16S rRNA扩增子测序，来确定口服益生菌是否会改变上、下呼吸道、直肠和血液中的微生物群组成。我们假设口服益生菌会调节健康猫的呼吸道微生物群，这可以通过检测到益生菌细菌种类和/或其相对丰度增加以及呼吸道微生物种群组成的改变来证明。六只健康的年轻研究用猫在基线时以及接受口服益生菌4周后，采集了口咽（OP）、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）、直肠和血液样本。对16S rRNA基因扩增子文库进行测序，并确定代表性操作分类单元（OTU）的覆盖率、丰富度和相对丰度。层次分析和主成分分析（PCA）显示了样本之间的相关性。仅在上、下呼吸道中，平均微生物丰富度显著增加。相对于基线，相对丰度显著增加的益生菌OTU数量（总共5个）在OP中为5个，在BAL中为3个，在粪便中为2个。使用层次聚类法，益生菌给药后BALF和血液样本聚在一起，且多变量方差分析（PERMANOVA）支持这两个部位的微生物组成发生了显著变化。PERMANOVA显示，OP和直肠样本的微生物种群组成没有显著变化。这些发现通过PCA进行了可视化展示，PCA揭示了每个部位独特的微生物群落；样本在基线时聚类更紧密，在益生菌给药后变化更大。这是第一项通过检测气道中的益生菌种类来描述口服益生菌对呼吸道微生物群影响的研究。在上、下呼吸道中发现口服益生菌中存在的细菌种类，提供了初步数据，表明口服益生菌可作为一种工具，用于针对炎症性气道疾病（如猫哮喘）中发生的菌群失调，在这种疾病中，猫是人类重要的比较和转化模型。
