Mansfield Karen L, Jizhou Lv, Phipps L Paul, Johnson Nicholas
Animal and Plant Health AgencyAddlestone, United Kingdom.
Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdom.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Jul 11;7:298. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00298. eCollection 2017.
Ticks, as a group, are second only to mosquitoes as vectors of pathogens to humans and are the primary vector for pathogens of livestock, companion animals, and wildlife. The role of ticks in the transmission of viruses has been known for over 100 years and yet new pathogenic viruses are still being detected and known viruses are continually spreading to new geographic locations. Partly as a result of their novelty, tick-virus interactions are at an early stage in understanding. For some viruses, even the principal tick-vector is not known. It is likely that tick-borne viruses will continue to emerge and challenge public and veterinary health long into the twenty-first century. However, studies focusing on tick saliva, a critical component of tick feeding, virus transmission, and a target for control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, point toward solutions to emerging viruses. The aim of this review is to describe some currently emerging tick-borne diseases, their causative viruses, and to discuss research on virus-tick interactions. Through focus on this area, future protein targets for intervention and vaccine development may be identified.
蜱虫作为一个群体，是仅次于蚊子的人类病原体传播媒介，并且是家畜、伴侣动物和野生动物病原体的主要传播媒介。蜱虫在病毒传播中的作用已为人所知超过100年，但仍不断有新的致病病毒被发现，已知病毒也在持续传播到新的地理区域。部分由于其新颖性，蜱虫与病毒的相互作用尚处于理解的早期阶段。对于一些病毒，甚至主要的蜱虫传播媒介都尚不明确。蜱传病毒很可能在21世纪很长一段时间内继续出现并对公共卫生和兽医健康构成挑战。然而，针对蜱虫唾液的研究——蜱虫进食、病毒传播的关键组成部分以及蜱虫和蜱传疾病控制的目标——为新兴病毒指明了解决方案。本综述的目的是描述一些当前正在出现的蜱传疾病、其致病病毒，并讨论病毒与蜱虫相互作用的研究。通过关注这一领域，未来可能会确定干预和疫苗开发的蛋白质靶点。
