Bartíková P, Holíková V, Kazimírová M, Štibrániová I
Acta Virol. 2017;61(4):413-427. doi: 10.4149/av_2017_403.
Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) belong to the largest biological group known as arboviruses with unique mode of transmission by blood-feeding arthropods (ticks, mosquitoes, sand flies, biting midges, etc.) to a susceptible vertebrate host. Taxonomically, it is a heterogenous group of vertebrate viruses found in several viral families. With only one exception, African swine fever virus, all TBVs have a RNA genome. To date, at least 160 tick-borne viruses are known, some of them pose a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. Recently, a number of established TBVs has re-emerged and spread to new geographic locations due to the influence of anthropogenic activities and few available vaccines. Moreover, new emerging tick-borne diseases are constantly being reported. Major advances in molecular biotechnologies have led to discoveries of new TBVs and further genetic characterization of unclassified viruses resulting in changes in TBVs classification created by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses. Although TBVs spend over 95% of their life cycle within tick vectors and the role of ticks as vectors has been known for over 100 years, our knowledge about TBVs and molecular processes involved in the virus-tick interactions is scarce.
蜱传病毒（TBV）属于已知最大的生物类群——虫媒病毒，具有独特的传播方式，即通过吸血节肢动物（蜱、蚊子、白蛉、蠓等）传播给易感脊椎动物宿主。从分类学上讲，它是在几个病毒科中发现的一组异源脊椎动物病毒。除了非洲猪瘟病毒这一例外，所有蜱传病毒都有一个RNA基因组。迄今为止，已知至少有160种蜱传病毒，其中一些对全球人类和动物健康构成重大威胁。最近，由于人为活动的影响和可用疫苗较少，一些已确认的蜱传病毒重新出现并传播到新的地理位置。此外，新出现的蜱传疾病也不断被报道。分子生物技术的重大进展导致发现了新的蜱传病毒，并对未分类病毒进行了进一步的基因特征分析，从而导致病毒分类国际委员会对蜱传病毒的分类发生了变化。尽管蜱传病毒在蜱传播媒介中的生命周期超过95%，蜱作为传播媒介的作用也已被知晓100多年，但我们对蜱传病毒以及病毒与蜱相互作用所涉及的分子过程的了解却很少。
