Biocatalytic and Bioelectrocatalytic Approaches for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide using Enzymes.

In the recent decade, CO has increasingly been regarded not only as a greenhouse gas but even more as a chemical feedstock for carbon-based materials. Different strategies have evolved to realize CO utilization and conversion into fuels and chemicals. In particular, biological approaches have drawn attention, as natural CO conversion serves as a model for many processes. Microorganisms and enzymes have been studied extensively for redox reactions involving CO. In this review, we focus on monitoring nonliving biocatalyzed reactions for the reduction of CO by using enzymes. We depict the opportunities but also challenges associated with utilizing such biocatalysts. Besides the application of enzymes with co-factors, resembling natural processes, and co-factor recovery, we also discuss implementation into photochemical and electrochemical techniques.