Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany.
Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(40):5564-5577. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170727112206.
Visible light is absorbed by photoacceptors in pigmented and non-pigmented mammalian cells, activating signaling cascades and downstream mechanisms that lead to the modulation of cellular processes. Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Considerably less effort has been dedicated to the blue, UV-free part of the spectrum.
In this review, we discuss the current advances in the understanding of the molecular photoacceptors, signaling mechanisms, and corresponding therapeutic opportunities of blue light photoreception in non-visual mammalian cells in the context of inflammatory skin conditions.
The literature was scanned for peer-reviewed articles focusing on the molecular mechanisms, cellular effects, and therapeutic applications of blue light.
At a molecular level, blue light is absorbed by flavins, porphyrins, nitrosated proteins, and opsins; inducing the generation of ROS, nitric oxide release, and the activation of G protein coupled signaling. Limited and contrasting results have been reported on the cellular effects of blue light induced signaling. Some investigations describe a regulation of proliferation and differentiation or a modulation of inflammatory parameters; others show growth inhibition and apoptosis. Regardless of the elusive underlying mechanism, clinical studies show that blue light is beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.
To strengthen the use of blue light for therapeutic purposes, further in depth studies are clearly needed with regard to its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, and their translation into clinical applications.
可见光被哺乳动物有色素和无色素细胞中的光受体吸收，激活信号级联和下游机制，从而调节细胞过程。大多数研究都调查了 UV 和可见光谱的红到近红外区域的分子机制和治疗应用。然而，人们对光谱的蓝色、无 UV 部分的研究则相对较少。
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在炎症性皮肤疾病背景下，非视觉哺乳动物细胞中蓝光感光的分子光受体、信号机制和相应治疗机会的理解方面的最新进展。
扫描了同行评议的文章，重点研究了蓝光在非视觉哺乳动物细胞中的分子机制、细胞效应和治疗应用。
在分子水平上，蓝光被黄素、卟啉、亚硝化蛋白和视蛋白吸收；诱导 ROS 的产生、一氧化氮的释放和 G 蛋白偶联信号的激活。关于蓝光诱导信号的细胞效应，已经有一些有限和矛盾的研究结果。一些研究描述了增殖和分化的调节或炎症参数的调节；其他研究则显示出生长抑制和细胞凋亡。无论潜在的机制如何，临床研究表明蓝光有益于治疗炎症性皮肤疾病。
为了加强蓝光在治疗方面的应用，显然需要进一步深入研究其潜在的分子和细胞机制，并将其转化为临床应用。
